1. Japanese Government….

2. Nepal earthquake April 2015
Comparing natural disasters in countries of different levels of development
( the significance of context in influencing the scale of the disaster)
Bam earthquake Dec 2003
Nepal earthquake April 2015
New Zealand earthquake Feb 2011

3. Bam earthquake, Iran Dec 26th 2003 https://www. youtube. com/watch

4. Bam earthquake disaster facts:
Dec 26th (Winter so many trapped victims died from hypothermia)
26,000 died in ancient town of Bam
5.26 am local time (most people asleep)
6.6 magnitude ( moderately strong)
Caused by a concealed (hidden at the surface)strike slip fault in a collision boundary zone(Arabian and Eurasian plates)
Shallow focus: 7 km ( therefore very close to the surface = much damage)
Release of seismic wave energy thought to be directly under the city ( so the intensity of shaking was high- vertical direction caused max building damage)
Ancient adobe buildings made from mud (very vulnerable to the shaking and there had been no enforcement of the seismic building code)
Many wooden structures in city- (had previously experienced extensive damage from termite activity which had weakened them)
Three main hospitals destroyed (which seriously hindered medical care..)
Emergency services struggled (as many of their own vehicles destroyed)
Developing country with an upper middle income (World Bank)(therefore very vulnerable…..)

5. SO THE BAM EARTHQUAKE BECAME A DISASTER BECAUSE OF A COMPLEX SET OF PHYSICAL AND HUMAN INTERACTIONS…

6. Nepal earthquake April 25th 2015 https://www. youtube. com/watch

7. Nepal earthquake disaster facts
April 25th 2015
7.8 magnitude
Collision of Indian with Eurasian plates
9000 died and 22,000 injured
Kathmandu valley has a population of 2.5 mill and v high pop density( 13,000 per km2)- has one of the fastest rates of urbanisation in S.Asia
Developing country- very vulnerable population- and most of the local earthquake science such as seismic hazard maps are out of date
Nepal is a ‘multiple hazard zone ‘– steep mountainsides, exposed to earthquakes, landslides, floods and around 85% of the country’s economy is rural…