Social Psychology Fall 2017

Social Psychology Fall 2017
Quiz Day Questions Social Psychology Fall 2017

Disclaimer These are examples of past exam questions or questions submitted by peers NOT The identical questions as those that will be on YOUR exam. Not an exhaustive coverage of every topic we examined over the past few weeks (other things not asked in these many slides may still be on the test – check the notes guides for each class). Questions about text or syllabus (which are possibilities on your actual exam, up to 30% may be questions from readings).

Disclaimer This is social psychology, so acknowledge the power of the situation & cognitive biases: Acing these questions in the privacy of your home does not guarantee acing the exam (you still need to study) as the stress-levels of the environments are completely different. Further, here you are provided instantly with the answer which you could convince yourself that you knew or “meant to answer” building false confidence. Best to fairly quiz yourself: write down answers before checking accuracy, score on a scale of 1-10 how confident you are in that answer, then grade yourself and figure out WHY you got things wrong and review the concepts you gave lower confidence scores to.

Symbolic Subjective Objective Abstract
In class, we watched a video of a dog attacking its own foot for getting too close to its bone. This dog seems to even lack the most basic_____________ self-awareness. Symbolic Subjective Objective Abstract

Mary is walking up the stairs when she trips
Mary is walking up the stairs when she trips. Reflecting on her behavior, she infers “boy, am I clumsy.” Mary has just illustrated… A) self-perception processes B) self-verification processes C) self-enhancement processes D) confirmation bias

deception debriefing delusion bogus pipeline
Milgram used ______, a technique where the researcher deliberately lies to the participant about the experiment they are partaking in. deception debriefing delusion bogus pipeline

When Milgram used a cover story, deliberately misleading the participant about the rationale for the experiment This is an example of ___________ A) Active deception B) Destructive debriefing C) Second order deluding D) First order deception

Keeping with the last question, research has shown that the use of deception in research is…
Inherently harmful to participants Is no more harmful than non-deception research Can actually be beneficial to participants (e.g. they enjoy the study more, feel they learned more) Both B & C

Mammals have larger neocortices if…
They are folivores They are nonmonogamous They have bigger bodies They live in larger groups

Brandi is interested in increasing the sales of lettuce in her supermarket. So she sets up a display table at the entrance and as people come in she asks them: “Would you like to buy some Lettoose? It’s really good for you.” Brandi is using what social influence technique? A.) Disrupt-then-reframe B.) Pique technique C.) Availability heuristic D.) Action-identification

independent dependent control confounding
In an experimental study of the effects of gum chewing on math exam performance, gum chewing would be the __________variable. independent dependent control confounding

Donald can’t imagine his life without Daisy
Donald can’t imagine his life without Daisy. He thinks he would be absolutely devastated if they broke up. Yet when she does leave him for some Daffy other guy, he finds he is over it in two weeks. Donald’s overestimate of his reaction is an example of what? Framing effects Retrospective impact biases Prospective impact biases Disney syndrome

Self-complexity refers to _____.
A) the extent and type (upward vs. downward) of social comparisons we make B) how many positive vs. negative characteristics we have C) an independent vs. relational self-concept D) the similarity vs. difference of the organization of the self-concept across contexts

The degree to which individuals regulate/alter their behavior based on the situation is referred to as _____. A) self-complexity B) self-efficacy C) self-monitoring D) self-esteem

The equation B = f(P,E) means what?
Behavior is a function of the interaction of the person and the environment Biology is as important as Psychological and Environmental variables combined Behavior is a result of Personality Variables interacting with Emotion None of the above

correlational experimental survey quasi-experiment
Mario wants to see whether the gender of the test giver affects math test performance. He divides 100 students into two groups. Group A is administered by a man; Group B is administered by a woman. Mario tallies the results of each group for comparison. What type of study is this? correlational experimental survey quasi-experiment

Keeping with the last question, what is Mario’s dependent variable?
Gender of test taker Gender of test administrator Math performance Both A & B

Machiavellian Intelligence hypothesis Social Brain hypothesis
The _______________ argues that primates evolved bigger brains in order to help them figure out and digest more complex foods. Machiavellian Intelligence hypothesis Social Brain hypothesis Folivore hypothesis Ecological hypothesis

Evidence has shown that, aside from humans, while most animals exhibit __________ only a handful have been shown to have __________. Symbolic…Objective None…Subjective Subjective…Objective Objective…Symbolic

Based on the principles of implicit egotism, Sally is more likely to:
Like food that she prepared with her own special ritual Be more implicitly than explicitly motivated Like salamanders and date a guy named Saul Place too high a price on her personal items at a garage sale

Script Schema Stereotype Heuristic
You and a friend decide to go eat dinner at a restaurant. Before you even get there, you know to wait to be seated, that you will order your drink before you order your meal, and that you will pay at the end of the meal. Your knowledge of what will happen before you even get to the restaurant is a: Script Schema Stereotype Heuristic

The following is an example of what cognitive error: “people who exercise regularly underestimate the number of other people who also exercise regularly”. Base rate fallacy Statistical regression False uniqueness effect Illusory correlation

Due to an error in scoring his IQ test, Bobby was placed in the gifted class. He performed very well throughout the school year, so the principal was surprised to get the revised scores revealing that Bobby was only an average student. Bobby’s performance is an example of: the fundamental attribution error overconfidence barrier planning fallacy behavioral confirmation

The social brain hypothesis argues:
Brains evolved to help us acquire & process more complex foods The “self” is more of a organizing structure to help us navigate social systems The neocortex evolved as it did primarily to help us manipulate others The brain evolved to help us negotiate increasing complex social networks.

What is the neocortex ratio?
A. Difference in weight between the total brain and the neocortex B. A comparison of the weight of the neocortex to the weight of the “old brain” (mammalian + lizard brain) C. Dividing the neocortex weight by the total brain weight D. None of the above

Felix thinks of himself as a bright student but he received 68 on the physics midterm. Felix thinks that the professor made the test too difficult. What social psychological phenomenon is he demonstrating? self-serving bias fundamental attribution error internal attribution error actor-observer bias

Increases in celebrity suicides are linked to increases in plane crashes. This is an example of:
false consensus effect counterfactual thinking base rate fallacy an illusory correlation

Ventral prefrontal cortex Pregenual anterior cortex Hippocampus
Jabari is mortified when he spills hot coffee on his new boss during his first conference meeting. Social neuroscience would predict activation in which part of his brain? Ventral prefrontal cortex Pregenual anterior cortex Hippocampus Lateral occipital cortex

Terrence doesn’t know how he is going to fare against a top ranked tennis opponent in tomorrow’s match, so rather than practice, he decides to go to a party to relax – getting home at 3am when his match is at 8am. Terrence is exhibiting what? Overconfidence barrier Self-handicapping Self-evaluation maintenance theory Hot hand fallacy

Representative Availability Simulation Anchoring
Chuck and Blair broke up over the summer and spent a few months apart. When they came back to school for the Fall, Blair thought it would be easy for her to win Chuck’s heart back because they have always broken up and easily gotten back together. Blair is falling victim to the ____________heuristic by being able to easily imagine her and Chuck getting back together, because that is how it has always been before. Representative Availability Simulation Anchoring

At what age do humans obtain an objective sense of self?
6 months 12 months 18 months 24 months

Representativeness heuristic Simulation heuristic Script
Tate is over 6 ft 5 inches tall, is athletic, and wears shorts a lot, so people naturally assume that he is a basketball player. This is an example of Prejudice Representativeness heuristic Simulation heuristic Script

Meredith, Pablo, Vani, and Bill all auditioned for MSU Idol and did not make the cut. Which person commits the actor-observer bias? Meredith: “None of us could sing, anyway.” Pablo: “The other losers have no talent. Me? I guess the judges don’t appreciate a good baritone.” Vani: “I knew I wouldn’t win. Just tried out for laughs.” Bill: “I should have practiced that song a little more before trying out.”

I have high self-esteem If I am implicitly motivated
According to self-determination theory, I will persist on an activity more if: I have high self-esteem If I am implicitly motivated If I am extrinsically motivated If I am intrinsically motivated

Fred worried about flying
Fred worried about flying. He believes the odds of being involved in a crash are high because he can remember hearing about plane crashes in the news. This is an example of________: magical thinking false-consensus effect availability heuristic representativeness heuristic

A.) Disrupt-then-reframe B.) Pique technique
To get more customers in the door, instead of having a sale where everything is 20% off, Oscar advertises that everything is 17% off. He gets more customers even though the sale is less that one might expect? Oscar is using what social influence technique? A.) Disrupt-then-reframe B.) Pique technique C.) Availability heuristic D.) Action-identification

Never – always more likely to sabotage a stranger than a friend
According to self-evaluation maintenance theory, we are most likely to sabotage a friend’s performance instead of a stranger’s when: When we outperform them on a task that is extremely important to our self-concept. When they outperform us on a task, and distancing ourself from our poor performance on the task is not an option. When they outperform us on a task that is highly self-relevant and we are uncertain about our abilities. Never – always more likely to sabotage a stranger than a friend

When we compare ourselves to others who are less capable, we are engaged in a(n) _____.
A) downward attribution B) upward attribution C) downward social comparison D) upward social comparison

To an American, the statement "I am who I am, regardless of who my family is" highlights the perception that one's self-concept is _____. A) independent B) interdependent C) directly tied to situational contexts D) resistant to change

According to the tenets of self-evaluation maintenance theory, which of the following people is most likely to distance themselves from a friend who outperforms them on their psych exam: Jessie for whom good grades are central to her identity, in part because she always gets them. Jaden who is uncertain he is doing well in psych, and really wants to be a psychologist. Jeri who places more importance on completing a course than the grade she gets, but is certain she will be fine in the long run. Jeremy who isn’t doing well to begin with, and so decides he doesn’t care.

People regularly avoid going out on Friday the 13th, yet evidence is quite mixed as to whether car accidents (or any accidents) are higher on that day (in fact a 1993 study suggested car accidents are lower because more people stay home). Yet people continue to think of this day as unlucky. This is an example of: Neglect of probability Omission bias Magical thinking Negativity bias

People who feel lonely all the time have less grey matter in this area of the brain associated with accurately interpreting social cues (such as whether others like you)? A) Eeyore sulcus B) Entorhinal cortex C) Posterior Superior Temporal Sulcus D) Medial Prefrontal Cortex

If the findings from the Sallet & Rushworth’s (2011) study with macaques extends to the human race, we could expect that: Each additional friend we make could lead to 3-8% in neocortical grey matter growth. Members of sororities and fraternities – socially complex groups – likely have 20% more grey matter than those not in Greek societies. Having more Facebook friends can lead to more white matter growth in areas of the brain associated with social perceptions (understanding other’s intentions). Spending more time on Facebook can lead to greater feelings of loneliness resulting in less grey matter in areas of the brain responsible for processing social cues.

Sometimes known as the gateway between the hippocampus and the neocortex, this part of the brain is associated with recognizing people and their relationships with others you know. A) Alzheimer’s sulcus B) Entorhinal cortex C) Facebook friendzone D) Left middle temporal gyrus

According to Robin Dunbar, humans can only have about _______ relationships within their social network before the ability to maintain excess relationships deteriorates. A) 25 B) 150 C) 300 D) 560

The Sallet & Rushworth study wherein monkeys were raised alone, in pairs, or in groups revealed what? A) links between grey matter density in the brain and group size was merely correlational. B) grey matter density increased when monkeys were isolated from the confounding presence of others. C) grey matter density increased when monkeys were assigned to larger groups rather than alone. D) Both A & D

When orphans and the elderly slowly die due to the absence of human contact and interaction, this is known as_____________. A) marasmus B) failure to thrive C) attachment disorder D) negativity bias

Applying what you know about the BIRGing effect, what are fairweather MSU fans most likely to say after the recent football game loss? A) “We did really great” B) “They really rocked that game” C) “Everyone expected us to be able to beat Tulane anyway.” D) Impossible to predict

Respond “no” right away Respond “yes” right away
Mark is a real amateur when it comes to art, but Denise, his wife, is a pro. According to research on the inclusion of other in self effect, when Mark is asked if he is artistic, he will likely: Respond “no” right away Respond “yes” right away Hesitate to think about it, and then say “not really” Hesitate to think about it, and then say “sure”

You conduct a study with conditions of an independent variable but non-random assignment to conditions (assignment to conditions determined by a co-factor). What type of study are you most likely conducting? A) experiment B) quasi-experiment C) non-experiment D) meta-analysis

Overconfidence barrier Planning fallacy Self-handicapping
Many students complete their quiz day slides and as soon as they see the answer think “I knew that all along” – leading them to feel perhaps overconfident about their likely test performance and stop studying. These students are exhibiting: Hindsight bias Overconfidence barrier Planning fallacy Self-handicapping

The processes we use to try and understand other people are known as _____.
A) social cognition B) impression management C) nonverbal communication D) social perception

Which of the following is an example of destructive self-presentation?
Anna and Elsa are both professional ice skaters, but Anna outperforms Elsa at the latest tryout for the Olympics so Elsa plots to have her boyfriend kneecap Anna in the parking lot. Bryan tricks Jeb into handing over his wallet by repeatedly introducing and breaking different scripts and inducing body mimicry. Terrence is worried about how he is going to perform at the tryouts for Juliard, and so “accidentally” forgets to properly tune his violin resulting in a subpar performance. Missy has such a strong desire to fit in her dance troupe but feels too “fat” so she starts taking laxatives after every meal she eats but skips a lot of meals, and exercises excessively.

An independent self-concept reflects_____ cultural norms, while an interdependent self-concept reflects_____ cultural norms. A) downward social comparisons; upward social comparisons B) individualistic; collectivist C) upward social comparisons; downward social comparisons D) collectivist; individualistic

equated correlation with causation
Ursula wanted to know what the students who received an A in Social Psychology had in common, so she conducts a survey of all Fall and Spring 2005 Social Psychology students who received A and found that they all sat in the front in class. She concludes that sitting in the front row means one will get an A in Social Psychology. What error has she made? hindsight bias confirmation bias equated correlation with causation confused the independent and dependent variables

A statement that suggests a specific relationship between an IV and DV is what?
A theory A hypothesis A correlation None of the above

Janice likes SUVs and says that she feels safer in them than in other vehicles. In advance of buying one herself, she does her research. She reads a magazine article that said that SUVs were involved in more fatal accidents than other types of vehicles. Now, Janice is beginning to wonder whether the magazine can be trusted to report accurate information. This can best be explained by _____. Perseverance effect Confirmation bias Counterfactual thinking All of the above

Keeping with the last question, suppose that Janice now becomes even stronger in her beliefs than BEFORE she read the information about SUVs being unsafe. She would be exhibiting : The base rate fallacy The confirmation bias The backfire effect The choice-supportive bias

To support her strong beliefs about the superior safety of SUVs, after buying an SUV Janice is sure to note that every time she drives it, she feels safe. She is exhibiting: Bias blind spot Bandwagon effect Attitude polarization The choice-supportive bias

Applying what you know about the BIRGing effect, what are fairweather MSU fans most likely to say after a recent football game win? “We did really great” “They really rocked that game” “Everyone expected us to be able to beat them anyway.” Impossible to predict

You conduct a study with conditions of an independent variable but non-random assignment to conditions (assignment to conditions determined by an individual difference). What type of study are you most likely conducting? experiment quasi-experiment non-experiment meta-analysis

Consider the following self-description: “It’s important to me to make others happy. I work hard to cooperate with others, and seldom get into arguments. My friends are more important to me than my personal successes.” A(n) ________ is most likely to have provided such a self-description. Male executive living in Tokyo, Japan Female professor living in New York City Male writer living in Sydney, Australia Female doctor living in Beijing, China

Which of the following is an example of confirmation bias?
Fabian thinks women are more organized than men. He thinks Gloria is neater than Bob, though Gloria stacks charts on her desk and Bob has a numerical filing system. Gisela has a job interview. She wears her best suit and polishes up her resume. She points out her academic successes. Mel is his department’s accountant and is usually the life of the party. But at a work party, he knows that people expect accountants to be conscientious. He goes to the interview with a serious expression and tells no jokes. Belinda wants to make new friends. She lets Ruth and Gus talk about themselves. Ruth and Gus think Belinda’s a great person.

Illusory Valid External Bidirectional
You know that there is a relationship between rock music and violent behavior, however you are unsure if listening to rock music leads to violent behavior, or if violent behavior makes you listen to rock music. What type of relationship is this? Illusory Valid External Bidirectional

Emma always finds she is judging herself based on what she thinks others think of her. Emma’s behavior is consistent with which theoretical perspective of how we come to understand our self. A) Self-perception theory B) Symbolic interactionist perspective C) Social comparison processes D) Self-verification bias

Cara is a fifth-grade schoolteacher
Cara is a fifth-grade schoolteacher. In order to yield the best performance from her students, her principal tells her that she is assigned to the honors class of exceptional students. Cara, throughout the semester, praises students often and lets them know that she naturally assumes that they will always do well in her class. When a peer observer comes in to watch Cara’s class she writes the students up as exceptional. This is a good example of what? self-serving bias actor-observer effect Pygmalion effect None of the above

Disrupt-the-reframe, pique techniques, and classic cons like “how to take someone’s wallet by just asking” all illustrate the disruptions of our __________ can increase our susceptibility to persuasion. Biases Attitudes Heuristics Scripts

Generally, in American society we find that the tendency to _______________ is stronger than the tendency to _____________. self-verify…self-enhance self-enhance…self-verify self-motivate…self-perceive self-present…self-evaluate

According to research, who is more likely to become aggressive toward others in response to ego-threats? A) people with low self-esteem B) people with high self-esteem C) people with average self-esteem D) both A & B

The spotlight effect is an example of how ____________ influence(s) how we see ourselves.
Reflected appraisals Private self-consciousness Basking in reflected glory Cutting off reflected failure

Generally, in American society we find that the tendency to _______________ is stronger than the tendency to _____________. A) self-verify…self-enhance B) self-enhance…self-verify C) self-motivate…self-perceive D) self-present…self-evaluate

Keeping with the last question, in American society we find that people with low self-esteem have the tendency to _______________ while high self-esteem people have a stronger tendency to _____________. A) self-verify…self-enhance B) self-enhance…self-verify C) self-motivate…self-perceive D) self-present…self-evaluate

Social Psychology Fall 2017

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