1. Evolution

2. Evolution
The processes that have transformed life on earth from it’s earliest forms to the vast diversity that characterizes it today.
Thos slow process leads to modifications that allow organisms to adapt to changes in their environment

3. Charles Darwin
6- Darwin set sail on the H.M.S. Beagle ( ) to survey the south seas (mainly South America and the Galapagos Islands) to collect plants and animals.
7- On the Galapagos Islands, Darwin observed species that lived no where else in the world.
8- These observations led Darwin to write a book.

6. Darwin’s voyage aboard HMS Beagle.
• trip around the world.
• Collected countless specimens and noticed different details among them.

7. Charles Darwin
Wrote in 1859: “On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection”
Two main points:
1. Species were not created in their present form, but evolved from ancestral species.
2. Proposed a mechanism for evolution: NATURAL SELECTION

8. Natural Selection
Individuals with favorable traits are more likely to leave more offspring better suited for their environment.
Natural selection rests on three facts:
• Organisms produce more offspring than can survive.
• Individuals vary in their characteristics.
• Many characteristics are inherited by offspring from their parents.

9. It follows logically that …
Some individuals will be better suited to their environment - they will survive and reproduce more successfully than individuals without those characteristics.
Future generations will thus contain more genes from better-suited individuals.
As a result, characteristics will evolve over time to resemble those of the better-suited ancestors.

10. Peppered Moths

11. Artificial Selection
The selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals by man.
Question:
What’s the ancestor of the domesticated dog?
Answer: WOLF

12. Evidence of Evolution Biogeography:
Geographical distribution of species.
Fossil Record:
Fossils and the order in which they appear in layers of sedimentary rock (strongest evidence).

13. Eastern Long Necked Turtle

15. Evidence of Evolution Taxonomy: Classification of life forms.
Homologous structures:
Structures that are similar because of common ancestry
(comparative anatomy)
Comparative embryology:
Study of structures that appear during embryonic development.

16. What is an adaptation?
Animals have special behaviors and body parts that help them get food, keep safe, and live in their habitat.
These special behaviors and body parts are called adaptations

17. ADAPTATIONS
Physical and behavioural changes that occur over long periods of time to enable plants and animals to improve their chance of survival
To climate, how they move, what they eat, how they communicate and the way they reproduce

18. Physical Adaptations:
Adaptations can be physical or behavioral:
An example of a physical adaptation is when an animal changes colour to blend in with its habitat or when a leaf changes colour.
Arctic fox are blue/grey in the summer and turn white in the winter!
Leaves turn colour in the Fall to protect them from the cold.

19. Behavioral Adaptation
One behavioral adaptation is hibernation. Some animals hibernate to survive the winter. They slow their heart rate and breathing so much it’s hard to tell that they are still alive!
Hibernates...
Aestivates…
Groundhogs and bats are the only true hibernators in Nova Scotia. Bears aestivate (es-ti-vate), which is not as deep a ‘sleep’ as hibernation.

20. SOME EXAMPLES Polar Bear
Physical
Thick white fur
Webbed feet
Behavioural
Standing on hind legs to look big

21. Adaptations you ‘otter’ know about
Adaptations you ‘otter’ know about! Are these physical or behavioral adaptations?
An otter is home in the water. Their eyes are high on their head to see while swimming just under the water.
Their ears close underwater.
They have rough patches on their feet to get a better grip on slippery surfaces.
They have fur that is insulated and waterproof.

22. Some reasons why wildlife changes or adapts:
They adapt to live in their habitat
They adapt to survive and thrive in their habitat
They adapt to protect their babies

23. Hot Habitats
Some plants and animals need to adapt to survive in extreme habitats.
To survive in the desert the cactus stores water to use when it is hot and dry for long periods of time.

24. Adapt to the Habitat! Some wildlife adapt to their habitat by moving!
This change of habitat is called migration.
Many birds migrate south for the winter.
Migration is considered a behavioral adaptation.

25. Surviving and Thriving in a Habitat
The bracken fern has many adaptations to help it survive and thrive in its habitat. Below are two:
1. The plant encourages fires which burn away competing plants.
2.The plant can be poisonous to animals and other plants.
How do you think these two adaptations help the fern survive and thrive?

26. Protect their young in a habitat
Penguins have adapted to protect their young in very cold weather.
They can cover the egg with their bodies and move it with their beak and feet!

27. How do you Adapt to your Habitat?
Do you dress differently from season to season? How do you get ready for winter?
How do you get around? Do you take a bus? Walk? Have your legs become stronger from walking?
What adaptations can you think of?

28. To Do
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