1. Unit 10
The Spanish Empire

2. 1. Charles I He inherited the Spanish throne in the year 1916
Territories
Spanish Empire with Charles V
From the Catholic Monarchs: the Crowns of Castile and Aragon, territories in America, Italy, the Mediterranean and Africa.
The title of Holy Roman Emperor, his family land in Germany, the Low Countries and France

3. The Revolt of the Comuneros
He brought Flemish noblemen to Spain and gave them the important government posts. He spent Castilian money on becoming Holy Roman Emperor
The Revolt of the Comuneros
Cities
New taxes to pay
Nobles
Important government positions to foreigns

4. Last battle: Villalar in 1521
The rebels were successful the first months. However, the king came to an agreement with the nobles, and they fought together the rebels.
Last battle: Villalar in 1521

5. 1555  Charles I surrender his power
Different territories, with their own laws and institutions
The court was itinerant. Each territory had a viceroy and a court.
His money went for taxes, but he had to ask for loans.
The government
Problems in the Empire
War with France
The threat of the Ottoman Turks
The rebellion of the German Protestant princes
1555  Charles I surrender his power

6. 1558

7. 2. Philip II 1556  inherited the throne Low Countries Spain Italy
Far East
America
North Africa

8. 1580 died the king of Portugal leaving no heirs  he became the king
THE HISPANIC MONARCHY
Portugal
Brazil
Asia
Africa

9. Policies
Preserve his territories
Defend Catholicism
Supressed religious freedom
The Inquisition acted harshly
Reasons for many wars

10. Problems War with France Confrontation with the turks
Revolt in the Low Countries
Confrontation with England

11. 3. Philip III
Succeeded his father in He left the Duke of Lerma in charge of government. He had a pacifist foreign policy 1607  bankruptcy Domestic policy expelled the Moriscos in 1609
Peace treaty with England in 1604
Twelve Years Truce with the United Provinces in 1609

12. 4. Philip IV
He was crowned in He left his government responsabilites in the hands of the Count-Duke of Olivares

13. Started the war against the Flemish rebels again.
Foreign Policy
Started the war against the Flemish rebels again.
He was leader of the Catholic Faction in the Thirty Years War, which broke out in the 1618.
Religious and political conflict ( )
Bohemian Protestants rebelled against King Ferdinand II.

14. He asked the king of Spain and the Duke of Bavaria for help.
The other Protestan regions supported the rebels, the United Provinces, England, Denmark and Sweden also did it.
1648
Treaty of Westphalia. Independence of the United Provinces. Loss of the Spanish supremacy in Europe.
1635
France allied with Protestants
1634
Battle of Nördlingen, Spanish victories culminated

15. Revolts of Catalonia and Portugal
Domestic Policy
Objectives
Share military expenses among all the territories of the Hispanic Monarchy
Increase the king’s power by reducing the autonomy of the territories
Revolts of Catalonia and Portugal
Suppressed in 1652
Declared their independence

16. 5. Charles II He died in 1700 end of Habsburg dynasty
He inherited the throne in 1665  he was only 4 years old His mother, Mariana of Austria, ruled as regent until 1675.
He died in 1700 end of Habsburg dynasty
New dynasty, the House of Bourbon

17. 6. Crisis Economic recession Population decline Inactive way of life
Agriculture suffered a crisis
Craftsmanship declined
Trade declined
Continuous bankruptcy
Population decline
Bad harvests and putbreaks of the plague
Expulsion of the Moriscos
Frequent wars
Emigration to America
Inactive way of life

18. EUROPE

19. 1515 Marthin Luther wrote 95 theses
1. The Reformation
High ranking churchmen enjoyed a life of luxury
Most of the clergy had little education and dud not carry out their pastoral work correctly
Many ecclesiastic positions were bought
The indulgences: documents issued by de Pope to pardon sins for money
Causes of scandal
1515 Marthin Luther wrote 95 theses

20. His ideas were called Lutheranism, later Protestants  it spread rapidly through Germany
Apparition of the Calvinism, founded by John Calvin, his doctrine was based on predistination.
In 1534, Henry VIII decided to create his own church, the Anglican Church

21. 2. The Counter- Reformation
Reform movement to stop the Protestan movement and iprove conditions in the Church  Council of Trent - New ways of spreading Catholicism - New religious order - Other orders were reformed

22. Consecuences of religious change
Europe was divided into two religious blocks
There were long and violent religious wars
Intolerance was widespread
Book and any scientific activity was banned
Spain: the Inquisition persecuted those who failed to follow the Catholic dogma

23. 3. The situation in Europe
French supremacy
Louis XIV inherited the throne of France in 1643
After the Treaty of Westphalia of 1648  became the most powerful country
Foreign policy
Extending its frontiers
Creating a colonial empire

24. England and the United Provinces
They controlled the trade, and they formed trading companies to promote trade with Asia and America
They were parliamentary states