1. Teaching and Learning with Technology Distance Education Chapter 12
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2. Distance Education (DE)
The delivery of instruction to students who are separated from their teacher by time and/or location
The teacher may be at one site and students at other sites, or
May all be on the same site but at different times

3. Distance Education Technology the key to bridge time/location
Originally developed to deliver instruction to remote, rural locations
Today, DE delivers instruction at places and times convenient to learners

4. Distance Education Distance Education: Any time, any place instruction
 Allyn and Bacon 2010

5. Distance Education DE affects teachers by:
Offering flexible licensing renewal and/or professional development
Causing rethinking of the nature of instruction
Providing environment where teaching and learning no longer bound by traditional classroom walls

6. Distance Education DE has affected education by:
Changing courses available in higher education
Encouraging creation of statewide virtual high school programs
Supporting district-wide courses in virtual classrooms
Enabling courses to be offered that might not due to low enrollments
Providing instruction to homebound students

7. Distance Education Started as Correspondence Courses
Readings and assignments sent and returned via mail
Tests proctored locally
Learning independent and isolated

8. Distance Education
Radio and later television added to enrich delivery of instruction
Telephones added interaction between instructor and students
Phone bridges (telephone conferencing) added student-to-student interaction

9. Distance Education

10. Distance Education The PC and the Internet advanced DE instruction by:
Adding interaction via , conferences, chats
Offering live and recorded streaming audio and video
Including multimedia presentations

11. Distance Education Alternative Delivery
Adaptation of distance education methods and technology for use in traditional classrooms
Enhances classroom instruction by:
Allowing master teachers or guests to join classes via DE
Facilitating team teaching and cooperative learning across a district

12. Designing DE Instruction
Steps of DID process apply, but design adjustments needed for DE:
Strategic instructional design that fully articulates the course components and required technologies
Well-articulated lesson plan that anticipates and responds to contingencies

13. Designing DE Instruction
Preparing Students
Screening students can determine if students’ learning styles compatible with DE
Orientating students for working independently will improve their effectiveness

14. Designing DE Instruction
Planning for Murphy’s Law
Anticipate possible curriculum and technical problems and make contingency plans
Have contingency plans and backup systems
Not all problems are technical, plan for both

15. Designing DE Instruction
Providing Feedback to Students
Technology often determines feedback formats available, e.g., speakerphone
Continual feedback as valuable in DE as in traditional instruction

16. Designing DE Instruction
Evaluating Progress Calls for Creative and Flexible Approaches
Assessment can be used in addition to testing
Combination of assessment and testing can be as effective as in traditional instructional environment

17. DE Support Technologies
Synchronous Support Technologies
Support instruction that all occurs at the same time
May be at different locations
Asynchronous Support Technologies
Support time-shifted instruction
May be at same or different locations

18. DE Support Technologies
Synchronous Asynchronous
Synchronous and
Asynchronous
Technologies

19. Synchronous Technologies
Telephone Technologies
Speakerphones and audio conferencing let a small group in one location communicate with others
Conference calls allow people in multiple locations to communicate
Phone bridges let large groups communicate by calling into a single number

20. Synchronous Technologies
Video Conferencing
Compressed video conferencing lets people interact via broadband phone lines
Creates a virtual space where students and teachers can interact virtually face-to-face
Districtwide systems connect students in schools in interactive video classrooms

21. Synchronous Technologies
Internet Chats
Offer the opportunity to invited students for high-quality interaction
May be text only or may include audio, visual, and video components
Can be more comfortable for shy students
Give time to reflect on input before sending

22. Synchronous Technologies
Internet Classroom
Internet meeting software creates synchronous or asynchronous virtual classrooms
Sites offer authoring tools for teachers to create site-based lessons
Development time can be significant
Compare and analyze different sites before selecting can enhance final results

23. Asynchronous Technologies
Phone Technologies
Voic provides time-shifted communication
Fax transmission of materials with text and graphics can also support asynchronous communications

24. Asynchronous Technologies
Most significant DE asynchronous technology
Enables teacher-student and student-student communication
Provides materials exchange via attachments
Offers opportunity for thoughtful exchange to one-on-one or one-to-many

25. Asynchronous Technologies
Electronic Discussions / Electronic Forums
Virtual bulletin boards provide one-to-many communication support discussion
Threads:
Can be started by the teacher as question or assignment
Can be generated by students in virtual study groups
Supports social learning and idea exchange

26. Asynchronous Technologies
Online Classrooms
A class web site can combine asynchronous and synchronous technologies
Students can access the tools and resources at any time from any place
Even when students meet synchronously via compressed video, a supporting class web site can be an important resource

27. Issues in Distance Education
Learning Management Systems (LMS)
Alternative to traditional class web sites
Resource tool schools purchase to create full integrated online classroom
Enables school to obtain consistent look and feel across district
Offers tools for teachers for grading and assessment

28. Issues in Distance Education
Teacher and Student Readiness
Teachers and/or students need to accept:
New roles and responsibilities
New technologies and how to use them
Students need to be less passive, more responsible learners

29. Issues in Distance Education
Preparation and Classroom Management Time
Teachers often surprised by amount of time required to:
Learn required techniques, to prepare and plan
Respond to increased volume of student interactions
Districts need to provide and funding support for alternative instruction programs

30. Issues in Distance Education
Technical Support, critical to have:
Technical support in place
Backup plans, systems, and clear direction on how to proceed when failures occur is vital
Instructional Support, students need access to:
Teachers for clarifications and questions
Resources to help them meet course objectives

31. Issues in Distance Education
Copyright critical issue for teachers
TEACH (Technology Education and Copyright Harmonization) Act clarifies guidelines of fair use for DE
Rules complex and often more restrictive than for face-to-face classrooms
TEACH Act is important and necessary first step in copyright clarification for DE

32. Future of Distance Education
Reinventing the Classroom: The Future of Distance and Alternative Delivery:
Answering new demands on schools from technology and changing society
Teachers need to be familiar with technology and its application to DE