1. Presidential Campaigning - 1800 style
neither candidate traveled to give speeches (that was “improper” and “unpresidential”)
letters to the editors of newspapers were written on behalf of the candidates
letters to the editors of newspapers were written slamming the opponents
What if those letters were turned into campaign ads???

2. Regional Votes
investigate the map:
Discuss…
What did these regions have in common?
Why might New York have been different?
What about in today’s society?

3. The Democratic-Republicans had a strategy…
John Adams was to come in 3rd place in the electoral vote.
He did.
Unfortunately for them, their top two candidates were TIED in electoral votes.
Jefferson was supposed to have ended up with more that Burr, that was always the plan…
A tie means trouble.
Because of the TIE, it was up to the House of Representatives to decide who was President and Vice President…
… and there were people in the Federalist party in the House.
… and they remembered how the D-R’s shut out John Adams.
The Federalists plotted to ruin their plans and vote for Burr instead.
Another tie…
… they voted again…
… another tie…
35 times they tied. 35!
until one person changed his vote to Jefferson.
Thomas Jefferson was now the 3rd President of the United States.

4. To end presidential election confusion
Proposed in 1803 & ratified in 1804
First used in the election of 1804

5. Renaissance Man An older term that means a person of many talents.
Thomas Jefferson defined this:
a scholar (studied many things like philosophy & astronomy; had a huge library)
an inventor (example: clock that told time & the day of the week)
a naturalist & scientist
an architect (completely self-taught; designed his own home)
loved the arts (played the violin)
spoke six languages
a writer (Declaration of Independence)
a lawyer & leader (Governor of Virginia, Secretary of State, President)
began a university (University of Virginia)
Monticello - Jefferson’s home in Charlottesville, Virginia
Let’s explore his home a bit:

6. New President, New Plan
reduce national debt
cut military spending
reduce number of federal workers
eliminate most federal taxes

7. Judiciary Act of 1801
Sets up more federal courts
Adams appoints people to be judges in the last moments of his Presidency.
These judges favored Federalist ideas over Democratic-Republican ideas.
To become a judge, you must receive your official commission papers.
“Midnight Judges” received their commission papers “at the last minute” of Adam’s term.

8. John Marshall
The 4th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court is respected as the one who established the Supreme Court’s strong influence on the federal government. Legend has it that the Liberty Bell cracked when it was rung during his funeral.

9. 3 principles of Judicial Review
Marbury vs. Madison
Established Judicial Review
3 principles of Judicial Review
The Constitution is the supreme law of the land.
It is the Constitution that will be followed if any other law is in conflict with it.
The Supreme Court has the authority to declare laws and acts unconstitutional.
One “midnight judge” (Marbury) nominee did not get his appointment papers & sued James Madison (secretary of state) to deliver them. Then Marbury said the Supreme Court should make Madison deliver them. Supreme Court said that it did not have that authority & was unconstitutional.

10. McCulloch vs. Maryland
Gibbons vs. Ogden
Worcester vs. Georgia
Congress does have implied powers
states cannot tax the federal government
federal law supercedes state law when more than one state is involved
supported interstate commerce
states cannot regulate Native Americans…
… but the federal government can.