1. China Under Mao

2. Review (India) Creating Nationalism Indian National Congress
World War I
Gandhi
Religion
Indian National Congress
Early Characteristics
Development
Divide

3. Review (China) Civil War (1945 – 49) Why was Communism appealing?
How did the CCP defeat the Nationalist Party?
Initial reason for mass support?
Organization
KMT incompetency in military and economics
Why was Communism appealing?
Anti-imperialist
Empower peasants
“Scientific” approach to society

4. Three Key Questions
1) What are the major considerations nations face on the path to modernization?
2) What key programs did Mao employ, and why?
3) What effect did the Cultural Revolution have on the Chinese people?

5. Choices in Modernization
How to industrialize?
Biggest concern: money
Possible sources
Agricultural surplus
e.g. Japan
Export goods
May be difficult without industry for mass-production…
Foreign borrowing
Risk of misuse, debt
Not a clear or easy process

6. Choices in Modernization
How to organize the economy?
Import-substitution
Self-sufficiency
Non-competitive
Export-oriented
Focus on competitive strengths
Buy what is missing

7. Choices in Modernization
How to distribute goods?
Market determined
State determined
Mixed system

8. Choices in Modernization
How to run the government?
Fascism vs. Democracy vs. Communism
Barrington Moore thesis
Importance of landlord control
Strong  Fascism
Weak + Private Businesses  Democracy
Weak + Government Control  Communism
Totalitarian vs. authoritarian
“Total” control vs. political control

9. Mao’s Programs 1949 – 58: Institutional Transformation
Land redistribution, communes
1956 – 57: Hundred Flowers Movement
Cause?
Features?
Result?
Lasting fear of criticizing the government…

10. Mao’s Programs 1958 – 61: Great Leap Forward Cause? Features? Result?
Approx. 30 million die of malnutrition…
Brink of civil war…

11. Mao’s Programs 1965 – 76: Cultural Revolution Cause? Features? Result?
Halt in education and industrialization
Uncontrolled destruction of cultural artifacts

12. Mao’s Programs Foreign Relations Soviet Union Korea USA
Initially positive, degrade to enemies
Korea
Support North in war against South and US
USA
Initially enemies, improved by 1972
Tibet, Taiwan, India

13. Mao’s Programs Positive Contributions
Housing and healthcare for everyone
Inflation stabilizes
Life expectancy dramatically increases
National solidarity
Independence from foreign powers

14. Cultural Revolution
“Long live all the nationalities united as one people”

15. Cultural Revolution (Aftermath)
Death of Mao Zedong (1976)
Plus death of Zhou Enlai, and earthquake
Rise of Deng Xiaoping
Fall of Gang of Four
Repair…