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Personal Reflections on the First 50 Years of Cardiovascular Surgery
John E. Connolly, MD, FACS, FRCS ENG (HON), FRCS ED (HON), FRCS I (HON), VAS SURG SOC GB&I (HON), JEC JSS (HON) Journal of the American College of Surgeons Volume 217, Issue 2, Pages (August 2013) DOI: /j.jamcollsurg Copyright © 2013 American College of Surgeons Terms and Conditions
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Figure 1 (A) Robert E Gross. (Reprinted from: the Children's Hospital Boston Archives, with permission.) (B) Coarctation. (Courtesy of Dr John E Connolly; gift from Dr Gross.) Journal of the American College of Surgeons , DOI: ( /j.jamcollsurg ) Copyright © 2013 American College of Surgeons Terms and Conditions
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Figure 2 (A) Diagram of a blue baby operation. (Courtesy of Dr James V Maloney Jr, with permission.) (B) Alfred Blalock. (Courtesy of the American College of Surgeons Archives, with permission.) Journal of the American College of Surgeons , DOI: ( /j.jamcollsurg ) Copyright © 2013 American College of Surgeons Terms and Conditions
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Figure 3 (A) Dwight Harken. (Courtesy of Dr Alden H Harken, with permission.) (B) Finger fracture mitral valve. (Courtesy of Dr Alden H Harken, with permission.) Journal of the American College of Surgeons , DOI: ( /j.jamcollsurg ) Copyright © 2013 American College of Surgeons Terms and Conditions
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Figure 4 Kunlin, first femoral-popliteal bypass.
(Courtesy of Dr John E Connolly; gift from Dr Kunlin.) Journal of the American College of Surgeons , DOI: ( /j.jamcollsurg ) Copyright © 2013 American College of Surgeons Terms and Conditions
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Figure 5 Sid Dos Santos endarterectomy.
(Reprinted from: Connolly JE, Price T. Aortoiliac endarterectomy: a lost art? Ann Vasc Surg 2006:20:56–62, with permission.) Journal of the American College of Surgeons , DOI: ( /j.jamcollsurg ) Copyright © 2013 American College of Surgeons Terms and Conditions
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Figure 6 (A) Norman Freeman. (Reprinted from: Connolly JE. Norman Freeman: the “first” American specialist in vascular surgery. J Vasc Surg 1995:22:188–194, with permission.) (B) Remove renal artery stenosis. (Courtesy of Dr John E Connolly; gift from Dr Norman Freeman.) (C) Vascular laboratory at Franklin Hospital in San Francisco. (Reprinted from: Connolly JE. Norman Freeman: the “first” American specialist in vascular surgery. J Vasc Surg 1995:22:188–194, with permission. Photo courtesy of Dr John E Connolly.) Journal of the American College of Surgeons , DOI: ( /j.jamcollsurg ) Copyright © 2013 American College of Surgeons Terms and Conditions
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Figure 7 Sam Etheredge, thoracic abdominal aortic aneurysm.
(Reprinted from: Connolly JE. Norman Freeman: the “first” American specialist in vascular surgery. J Vasc Surg 1995:22:188–194, with permission. Photo courtesy of Dr Sam Etheredge.) Journal of the American College of Surgeons , DOI: ( /j.jamcollsurg ) Copyright © 2013 American College of Surgeons Terms and Conditions
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Figure 8 Angiogram that shows branches.
(Courtesy of Dr John E Connolly.) Journal of the American College of Surgeons , DOI: ( /j.jamcollsurg ) Copyright © 2013 American College of Surgeons Terms and Conditions
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Figure 9 (A) Bill Bigelow. (Courtesy of the University of Toronto Archives and Records Management Services and Robert Lansdale Photography ( [721071].) (B) F John Lewis. (Reprinted from: Bolman RM 3rd. Lillehei Heart Institute Lifetime Achievement Awards. Ann Thorac Surg 2005: 79:S2257–S2259, with permission.) (C) Gross atrial well. (Courtesy of Dr John E Connolly; gift from Dr Gross.) Journal of the American College of Surgeons , DOI: ( /j.jamcollsurg ) Copyright © 2013 American College of Surgeons Terms and Conditions
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Figure 10 Felix Eastcott, with his back to the camera.
(From Dr George R. Dunlop, Worcester, Massachusetts [deceased] and reprinted from: Connolly JE. The evolution of extracranial carotid artery surgery as seen by one surgeon over the past 40 years. J Roy Coll Surg Edinburgh and Ireland 2003:1:249–258, with permission.) Journal of the American College of Surgeons , DOI: ( /j.jamcollsurg ) Copyright © 2013 American College of Surgeons Terms and Conditions
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Figure 11 John Gibbon and his wife Mary Gibbon.
(Courtesy of Bill Sullivan at the University of Minnesota.) Journal of the American College of Surgeons , DOI: ( /j.jamcollsurg ) Copyright © 2013 American College of Surgeons Terms and Conditions
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Figure 12 (A) Walt Lillehei. (Courtesy of the University of Minnesota Archives.) (B) Cross circulation. (Courtesy of Bill Sullivan at the University of Minnesota.) Journal of the American College of Surgeons , DOI: ( /j.jamcollsurg ) Copyright © 2013 American College of Surgeons Terms and Conditions
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Figure 13 Richard DeWall's bubble oxygenator, with Drs Richard DeWall (left) and Vincent Gott (right). (Courtesy of Dr Richard DeWall.) Journal of the American College of Surgeons , DOI: ( /j.jamcollsurg ) Copyright © 2013 American College of Surgeons Terms and Conditions
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Figure 14 (A) Werner Forssmann. (Courtesy of Dr A Benedict Cosimi.) (B) Andre Cournand. (Courtesy of University Archives, Columbia University in the City of New York.) Journal of the American College of Surgeons , DOI: ( /j.jamcollsurg ) Copyright © 2013 American College of Surgeons Terms and Conditions
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Figure 15 Arthur Voorhees.
(Reprinted from: Smith RB 3rd. Arthur B. Voorhees, Jr.: pioneer vascular surgeon. J Vasc Surg 1993:18:341–348, with permission.) Journal of the American College of Surgeons , DOI: ( /j.jamcollsurg ) Copyright © 2013 American College of Surgeons Terms and Conditions
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Figure 16 Norman Shumway. (Courtesy of Dr John E Connolly; gift from Dr Shumway.) Journal of the American College of Surgeons , DOI: ( /j.jamcollsurg ) Copyright © 2013 American College of Surgeons Terms and Conditions
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Figure 17 Christiaan Barnard's first heart transplant patient, Louis Washkansky. (Courtesy of the Heart of Cape Town Museum, Groote Schuur Hospital, Western Cape, South Africa.) Journal of the American College of Surgeons , DOI: ( /j.jamcollsurg ) Copyright © 2013 American College of Surgeons Terms and Conditions
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Figure 18 Diagram of cages for animal conditioning. (A) Outer acclimatization cage; (B and C) inner caged areas guarded by swinging black or white doors. (Reprinted from: Connolly JE. Bloodless surgery by means of profound hypothermia and circulatory arrest. Effect on brain and heart. Ann Surg 1965:162:724–737, with permission.) Journal of the American College of Surgeons , DOI: ( /j.jamcollsurg ) Copyright © 2013 American College of Surgeons Terms and Conditions
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Figure 19 Vineberg procedure.
(Courtesy of Dr John E Connolly; gift from Dr Vineberg.) Journal of the American College of Surgeons , DOI: ( /j.jamcollsurg ) Copyright © 2013 American College of Surgeons Terms and Conditions
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Figure 20 Mason Sones. (Reprinted with permission from The Cleveland Clinic Center for Medical Art & Photography ©2012. All rights reserved.) Journal of the American College of Surgeons , DOI: ( /j.jamcollsurg ) Copyright © 2013 American College of Surgeons Terms and Conditions
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Figure 21 Dog vein bypass. (Courtesy of Dr John E Connolly.)
Journal of the American College of Surgeons , DOI: ( /j.jamcollsurg ) Copyright © 2013 American College of Surgeons Terms and Conditions
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Figure 22 Ed Garrett bypass. (Courtesy of Dr H Edward Garrett Jr.)
Journal of the American College of Surgeons , DOI: ( /j.jamcollsurg ) Copyright © 2013 American College of Surgeons Terms and Conditions
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Figure 23 Rene Favaloro and Donald Effler.
(Courtesy of Dr John E Connolly; gift from Dr Effler.) Journal of the American College of Surgeons , DOI: ( /j.jamcollsurg ) Copyright © 2013 American College of Surgeons Terms and Conditions
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Figure 24 (A) Starr-Edwards valve. (Courtesy of Dr Albert Starr.) (B) Jarvik-7 heart. (Courtesy of the University of Utah.) (C) Gruntzig stents. (Courtesy of Professor Ake Senning, FACS[Hon] [deceased] and reprinted from: Grüntzig AR, Senning A, Siegenthaler WE. Nonoperative dilatation of coronary-artery stenosis: percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. N Engl J Med 1979;301:61–68, with permission.) Journal of the American College of Surgeons , DOI: ( /j.jamcollsurg ) Copyright © 2013 American College of Surgeons Terms and Conditions
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Figure 25 (A) Michael DeBakey. (Courtesy of Lois DeBakey.) (B) Denton Cooley (right) and his friend, Dr John E Connolly, after Cooley's first hole in one! (Courtesy of Dr John E Connolly, with permission from Dr Denton Cooley.) Journal of the American College of Surgeons , DOI: ( /j.jamcollsurg ) Copyright © 2013 American College of Surgeons Terms and Conditions
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