1. Why is global warming happening?
Human activity is increasing the amounts of the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, so more heat is trapped.
The heating of the earth through human activities is called the ‘Enhanced Greenhouse Effect’ and this is causing the earth to heat up, or global warming.
Global warming doesn’t just mean that the earth gets hotter, it means that the whole climate is changing.

2. Heat radiates from the earth
Natural Greenhouse effect
Enhanced Greenhouse effect
Atmosphere has more greenhouse gases
Heat radiates from the earth
Less heat escapes to space
Some heat escapes to space
Atmosphere traps some heat
Atmosphere traps more heat
Some heat is trapped, some escapes, the earth is warm enough for life.
More heat is trapped, less escapes and causes global warming

3. Which gases in the atmosphere trap heat?
Greenhouse Gases trap heat.
They make up less than 1% of gasses in the atmosphere
Main GHG:
Carbon dioxide
Methane
Nitrous oxide
Ozone
Water vapour
Halocarbons/Flourine Gasses
Human activity increases the amount of these gases in the atmosphere

4. Over 85% of the world energy supply is carbon-based
Carbon Emissions by Sector
Hydro, Nuclear, Geothermal, Renewables
14%
Fossil
Fuels
Crude Oil and
Natural Gas Liquids
38%
Natural Gas 24%
Coal
24%

5. How do humans increase carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere?
Burning fossil fuels releases Carbon stored underground into the atmosphere
Deforestation releases carbon stored in trees.
Less trees = less CO2 removed from the atmosphere.

6. Correlation between CO2 and temperature

7. How do humans increase methane levels in the atmosphere?
Increased rice growing
Methane is also released when fossil fuels are extracted
Increased rubbish in landfill
The amount of methane in the atmosphere has increased by two and a half times since the Industrial Revolution.
Increased livestock farming

8. Greenhouse Gas Emissions By Sector

9. Global Warming vs Climate Change

10. Paleoclimatology
The study of climate change taken on the scale of the entire history of the Earth
Natural materials such as rock, trees, corals and ice preserve clues to discovering the climate of the past

11. Clues to Earth’s Past Climate
GLACIERS
OCEAN SEDIMENTS
CORAL
REEFS
TREE RINGS
PALEOCLIMATOLOGY
TREE RINGS
ROCK LAYERS
POLAR
ICE CAPS
POLLEN

12. Natural Factors Causing Global Warming
-Greenhouse Effect
-Variations in Sun’s
Energy Reaching Earth
-Changes in ALBEDO
of Earth’s surfaces
-Slow tilting of Earth’s Axis

13. Anthropogenic (Man-made) Causes of Global Warming
-Burning Fossil Fuels
-Increased
Automobile Use
-Respiration
-Mining Activities
-Rapid
Industrialization

14. Positive & Negative Feedback Loops of Global Warming

15. Positive Feedback Examples (SPEEDS)
CH4

16. THAWING OF PERMAFROST

17. Negative Feedback Example (SLOWS)

19. Effects of Global Warming
Rising Seas/Increased Coastal Flooding
Heavier Precipitation/Flooding
Increased Pressure on Ground Water Supplies
Melting Ice
Increased Extreme Weather Events
More Severe Droughts
Longer/More Damaging Wildfire Seasons
Effects of Global Warming
Widespread Forest Death
More Destructive Hurricanes
More Frequent/Intense Heat Waves
Costly/Growing Health Impact
Plant/Animal Habitat Change
Melting Permafrost
Disruptions to Food Supply
Increased Spread of Disease
Coral Reef Destruction
Ocean Acidification

20. **CHINA is currently the top GHG producer
Kyoto Protocol
(Negotiated in1997)
(Enforced in 2005)
-International agreement linked to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC)
-Industrialized countries would be legally obliged to cut their greenhouse gas emissions 5% on 1990 levels by
-If participant countries continue with emissions above the targets, then they are required to engage in emissions trading; i.e. buying "credits" from other participant countries who are able to exceed their reduction targets in order to offset. 
-Developing countries – including China, India, Brazil and South Africa – would face no restriction on their emissions
**CHINA is currently the top GHG producer

22. What can you do??
gas