1. Photosynthesis part deux: The Calvin Cycle
Chapter 6-2 pages
At right is Melvin Calvin who worked all this out
Below is Calvin who worked out Calvin Ball

2. Objectives Summarize the main events of the calvin cycle
Describe what happens to the compounds that are made during the calvin cycle
Distinguish between c3, c4, and CAM plants
Summarize how the light and dark reactions work together in photosynthesis
Explain how environmental factors affect photosynthesis

3. Calvin Cycle From photosynthesis we get ATP and NADPH
Now we’ll use the energy from that to make biomolecules
The energy from Niagra falls is used to power turbines so we can use electricity to do work

4. Carbon Fixation
Carbon fixation is the building of biomolecules from CO2
3 steps of the Calvin Cycle
1. CO2 diffuses into the stroma from the surrounding cytoplasm. RuBP is combined with CO2. The new 6 Carbon molecule splits into 2 3 Carbon molecules called PGA

5. Calvin Cycle
Step 2
2 PGAs converted to another 3 Carbon molecule PGAL,
in a two part process
1. PGA receives a Phosphate from ATP
2. NADPH gives its H+
The ADP, NADP+, and Phosphate are reused back in the photosynthesis reaction
Confused, stare at this picture, watch the lines seem to move. Now get back to work

7. Calvin Cycle
Step 3
Some of the PGAL goes back to RuBP so the Cycle can continue
Other PGAL goes elsewhere to make Biomolecules

8. Balance sheet for Photosynthesis
Calvin Cycle has to turn 3 times to get a PGAL
That uses 9 ATPs and 6 NADPHs
Now no glucose has been made yet. Cellular respiration is where Glucose is involved.
The Lakers appreciate the Calvin Cycle, you should to.

9. Alternative pathways
C3 Plants only fix carbon through the Calvin Cycle
Most plants are this, trees for example
In hot climates plants lose water through open stomata so they need to keep stomata closed
But stomata are where CO2 & O2 leave and enter the cell

10. Alternative Pathways C4 pathway plants put CO2 into 4 carbon molecules
Corn & Sugar Cane are examples
CAM pathway plants have stomata open at night and closed during the day, the opposite as normal
includes Cactus & Pineapple