1. Colonization, Trustee & Royal Government
REVIEW
Colonization, Trustee & Royal Government

2. Who was the first explorer to enter present-day Georgia?
a. Hernando de Soto b. Ponce de Leon c. Ferdinand Magellan d. Christopher Columbus

3. Hernando de Soto

4. Why did Hernando de Soto explore
much of Georgia in 1540?
a. He was attracted by rumors of large gold deposits. b. He wanted to build forts and missions in the state. c. He was searching for the magical Fountain of Youth. d. He believed that he would find a passage to Asia through Georgia.

5. He was attracted by rumors of large gold deposits.

6. Why was de Soto’s expedition
considered a failure?
a. De Soto died before the expedition was finished. b. De Soto traveled in the wrong direction. c. De Soto did not find any gold or riches. d. De Soto’s men died of disease.

7. De Soto did not find any gold or riches.

8. How did de Soto’s march through Georgia change the lives and culture of Native Americans?
The expedition resulted in the death of
thousands of Native Americans from violence and disease.
The expedition was responsible for converting Native Americans to Catholicism.
The expedition set up new trading
opportunities for Native Americans.
The expedition introduced Native
Americans to new types of food.

9. The expedition resulted in the death of thousands of Native Americans from violence and disease.

10. Which was NOT a requirement of early Georgia colonists?
a. They could not sell land in Georgia. b. They had to plant mulberry trees to try to produce silk. c. They had to defend their land against all enemies. d. They had to support a plantation economy and slavery.

11. They had to support a plantation economy and slavery.

12. The main purpose of the Spanish missions in the barrier islands was to
a. provide protection for the area’s European settlers. b. convert the Indians to Catholicism and control the Indians. c. establish trade with Spain. d. find gold.

13. convert the Indians to Catholicism and control the Indians

14. The main reason the Spanish explored North America was to
a. build permanent settlements.
b. find gold and expand their empire.
c. spread Christianity.
d. fight the British.

15. find gold and expand their empire.

16. Which country was NOT a major colonizer of North America?
a. France
Great Britain
Portugal
d. Spain

17. Portugal

18. The first permanent British settlement in the New World was built at
a. St. Augustine.
b. Jamestown.
c. Massachusetts Bay.
d. Roanoke Island.

19. Jamestown

20. What was the name of the first British fort constructed in Georgia?
a. Fort Frederica
b. Fort Guale
c. Fort King George
d. Fort Santa Catalina

21. Fort King George

22. a. a colony for settlement by the poor.
One of the reasons given for the colonization of Georgia was to serve as a buffer colony. This meant that Georgia was
a. a colony for settlement by the poor.
b. an outpost for pirates attacking
Spanish galleons.
a military protective zone between English and Spanish settlements.
an agricultural station experimenting
with new strains of cotton plant. 

23. a military protective zone between English and Spanish settlements.

24. former convicts well educated deeply religious poor but worthy
Which term BEST describes the kind of people Oglethorpe and his associates wanted to bring to Georgia for the CHARITY reason?
former convicts
well educated
deeply religious
poor but worthy

25. poor but worthy

26. When did King George II grant Oglethorpe and his group a charter for
the colony of Georgia?
1492
1607
1732
1776

27. 1732

28. According to the charter, what religious group was not allowed
to settle in Georgia?
Baptist
Catholic
Jewish
Methodist

29. Catholic

30. What policy did the king make to ensure that the trustees did not take personal advantage of their position?
a. The trustees could not hold office.
The trustees could not serve more than one year.
The trustees had to break off all ties with Great Britain.
The trustees had to donate their own
money to provide food for the colonists. 

31. The trustees could not hold office.

32. Ann Godspeed Mayflower Santa Maria
What ship brought Oglethorpe and the first colonists to Charleston, then Savannah, during the winter of 1733?
Ann
Godspeed
Mayflower
Santa Maria

33. Ann

34. The trustees gave the first settlers in Georgia the right to
a. vote.
own land.
collect taxes.
d. hold elections. 

35. Own land

36. Which statement BEST describes the subject of this illustration?
The Indians and the British exchanged gifts.
The British took control over the Indians’ land.
The Indians showed distrust for the invading Englishmen.
The British and the
Indians had a disappointing first meeting.

37. The Indians and the British exchanged gifts.

38. What Indians were led by Tomochichi?
a. Cherokee
b. Creek
c. Oconee
d. Yamacraw

39. Yamacraw

40. a. William Bull b. Robert Montgomery Mary Musgrove Toonahowi
Who served as the translator for Oglethorpe in his discussions with Tomochichi?
a. William Bull
b. Robert Montgomery
Mary Musgrove
Toonahowi

41. Mary Musgrove

42. a. Altamaha River Mississippi River Savannah River d. St. Marys River
Tomochichi allowed James Oglethorpe to settle on a bluff overlooking which river?
a. Altamaha River
Mississippi River
Savannah River
d. St. Marys River

43. Savannah River

44. Which was an economic reason for creating Georgia?
a. Georgia would produce raw materials for England.
Georgia would be a center for trade with Spanish Florida.
Georgia would import good for Native Americans.
d. Georgia would host many nations as a trading center.

45. a. Georgia would produce raw materials for England (this was a part of mercantilism).

46. a. Fort Frederica near St. Simons Island
Where did James Oglethorpe and the first Georgia colonists land
when they arrived in Georgia?
a. Fort Frederica near St. Simons Island
Fort Pulaski on the Savannah River
Ossabaw Island on Ossabaw Sound
d. Yamacraw Bluff on the Savannah River 

47. Yamacraw Bluff on the Savannah River

48. Oglethorpe’s plan for the establishment of Savannah could BEST be described as a
poor design for defense against
invading armies.
series of circular roads making travel easy.
city planned around open squares.
d. decaying neighborhood.

49. city planned around open squares

50. The basic pattern of Savannah was fashioned after a design by
a. William Bull
Robert Castell
King George II
d. James Oglethorpe

51. Robert Castell

52. Why did German Salzburgers
come to Georgia?
a. to escape religious persecution
to serve out terms for misconduct
to lead the armed forces for Oglethorpe
for the new financial opportunities
available

53. to escape religious persecution

54. Who was the leader of the Germans from Salzburg?
a. John Martin Bolzius
Lachlan McIntosh
James Oglethorpe
d. John Reynolds

55. John Martin Bolzius

56. Where did the Salzburgers
first settle?
a. Albany
Darien
Ebenezer
d. Savannah

57. Ebenezer

58. The Salzburgers moved from their original settlement because
they were attacked frequently by
Indians.
they had problems with the Spanish
who lived nearby.
the land on which they settled was marshy and not very productive.
the area was plagued by harsh
storms that caused extensive damage.

59. the land on which they settled was marshy and not very productive.

60. What was the dominant religious group during the royal period?
a. Methodist
b. Lutheran
c. Anglican
d. Catholic

61. Anglican

62. Where did Highland Scots
settle in Georgia?
a. Augusta
Darien
New Ebenezer
d. Savannah

63. Darien

64. Charity: to help the worthy poor
The Highland Scots
were brought to Georgia to support which reason for Georgia’s founding?
Charity: to help the worthy poor
Economics: to produce raw materials for England
Defense: to protect against Spain
d. Religious Freedom: to be safe from persecution

65. Defense: to protect against Spain

66. Who were the malcontents of the early Georgia colony?
people who were unhappy with the trustees’ policies.
officials who examined the contents of cargo ships.
Pacifist protestants.
d. the trustees and their families.

67. people who were unhappy with the trustees’ policies

68. With which trustee policy did the malcontents NOT disagree?
a. hard work with little benefit
land allotments being too small
requirement to serve in the militia
d. prohibition of slavery

69. requirement to serve in the militia

70. a. France Great Britain Portugal d. Spain
The European nation that dominated early exploration in the New World (at first) was
a. France
Great Britain
Portugal
d. Spain

71. Spain

72. The greatest threat to the Georgia colony came from
a. Indians who lived in the area.
Spanish soldiers in Florida.
the area’s harsh climate.
d. new diseases.

73. Spanish soldiers in Florida.

74. What was the importance of the Battle of Bloody Marsh?
It ended the threat of war from the Native Americans.
It demonstrated the strength of the Spanish military.
It resulted in Georgia’s gaining new lands on which to settle.
It was the beginning of a safe southern
frontier for the British.

75. It was the beginning of a safe southern frontier for the British.

76. The Latin motto of the trustees, Non Sibi Sed Allis, meant “Not for themselves but for others.”
What does this mean?
The trustees established Georgia for the purpose of
helping the poor, not for the purpose of making themselves rich.
Religious leaders could not protect themselves as
Catholics because of the members of the new Methodist church.
The Highland Scots and the Salzburgers were foreigners
and couldn’t be trusted to defend the British.
The king felt the colony had been a failure and the
trustees had to be punished as an example.

77. The trustees established Georgia for the purpose of helping the poor, not for the purpose of making themselves rich.

78. What impact did the departure of Oglethorpe to England
have on the colony?
No impact; he was cleared of the charges
against him and returned within the year.
No impact; after he married, he quickly returned to the colony to help the poor.
Great impact; under the new leader most of the restrictive laws were changed.
Great impact; the new leaders quickly
turned control over to the king.

79. Great impact; under the new leader most of the restrictive laws were changed.

80. In 1752, Georgia became a
a. trustee colony.
proprietary colony.
royal colony.
d. self-governing colony.

81. ROYAL Colony

82. a. James Oglethorpe & a group of trustees
Who controlled Georgia after it became a royal colony?
a. James Oglethorpe & a group of trustees
the people of Georgia
the king with a royal governor and bicameral legislature
d. The malcontents

83. the king with a royal governor and bicameral legislature

84. a. Atlanta Augusta Macon d. Savannah
What city served as Georgia’s capital during its period as a royal colony?
a. Atlanta
Augusta
Macon
d. Savannah

85. Savannah

86. royal governor of Georgia?
Who was the first
royal governor of Georgia?
a. Robert Castell
Robert Montgomery
James Oglethorpe
d. John Reynolds

87. John Reynolds

88. a. They were elected by the voters. They were appointed by the king.
When Georgia was a royal colony, how were members of the upper house of the legislature, the Governor’s Council, chosen?
a. They were elected by the voters.
They were appointed by the king.
They were appointed by the royal governor.
They were chosen by members of the
lower house of the legislature.

89. They were appointed by the king.

90. Friendships were renewed with Indian micos (chiefs).
What change was NOT brought about during the term of royal governor Henry Ellis?
Friendships were renewed with Indian micos (chiefs).
Eight parishes were created.
The economy improved.
The first foreign settlers came to Georgia.

91. The first foreign settlers came to Georgia.

92. Which impact was a result of the Spanish Mission system?
Spanish Catholics adopted
Native American Beliefs.
Native American culture
expanded.
Savannah was developed.
Native American culture declined.

93. Native American culture declined.

94. Why are Hernando de Soto’s expeditions into Georgia significant?
He was the first European to
explore the area.
They were the last expeditions.
James Oglethorpe was a part of the expeditions.
He removed the Cherokees from Georgia.

95. He was the first European to explore the area.

96. French, Spanish, British Germans, Russians, British
Which three European groups were interested in the agricultural opportunities and trade with the Indians in the Southeastern part of the United States in the 18th Century?
a. French, English, Dutch
French, Spanish, British
Germans, Russians, British
d. Portuguese, Spanish, French 

97. French, Spanish, British

98. During the early 1700’s, the French, Spanish, and British had several conflicts in the territory that would eventually become Georgia. Why were these three countries interested in this region?
The French and Spanish were allied together in an effort to
completely remove the British presence from the Southeast.
Only Georgia provided the necessary combination of fertile
land and friendly Indian tribes to have a long term, stable colony.
It was the first place each other had designated as their
primary colony in the new world, therefore none of the countries could afford to leave the Southeast.
All three countries had an interest in expanding; France’s
trade from the west, Spain’s mission systems from the south and Great Britain’s trade networks from the north. 

99. All three countries had an interest in expanding; France’s trade from the west, Spain’s mission systems from the south and Great Britain’s trade networks from the north.

100. a. economics defense exploration d. missions
Use the following quote from the Georgia Charter of 1732 to answer this question, “...they might not only gain a comfortable subsistence for themselves and families, but also strengthen our colonies and increase the trade...and wealth of these our realms.” The quote MOST DIRECTLY relates to which reason for settling Georgia?
a. economics
defense
exploration
d. missions

101. economics

102. How as Tomochichi significant to the development of early Georgia?
Oglethorpe hired him to develop
Savannah.
He led violent revolts against the colonists.
He was a leader and mediator between the colonists and the Yamacraw.
The Yamacraw used him to
encourage the malcontents.

103. He was a leader and mediator between the colonists and the Yamacraw.

104. Which is a true statement about the Charter of 1732?
It was never approved and Oglethorpe
founded the colony illegally.
It stated reasons why Georgia needed to be independent of England.
It provided King George an opportunity to invade Spain.
It listed multiple reasons, including charity,
defense, and economics, for founding Georgia.

105. It listed multiple reasons, including charity, defense, and economics, for founding Georgia.

106. James Oglethorpe was important to the colony of Georgia because he
led the initiative to get the Charter
to start the colony.
fought in the Revolutionary War alongside Elijah Clark.
founded and developed the city of Atlanta.
served as one of the first Royal
Governors.

107. led the initiative to get the Charter to start the colony.

108. These statements relate to the importance of which person?
*Cultural connections between Yamacraw and Creek Indians
and English Colonists
*Served as interpreter between Oglethorpe and Yamacraw.
*Established several trading posts around Georgia.
a. Mary Musgrove
Tomochichi
James Oglethorpe
d. Samuel Nunes

109. Mary Musgrove

110. The complaints of the malcontents were significant to the trustee period because they demonstrated that the
Trustees did not represent the changing
population in Georgia.
Malcontents were trying to take over the colony.
Original charter was inaccurate and needed to be removed.
Spanish threat from Florida was the most
important issue of the time.

111. Trustees did not represent the changing population in Georgia.

112. Which statement is true concerning land ownership under the
Royal Governors of Georgia?
Georgia lost territory, especially around
Savannah.
Creek and Cherokee Indians gained territory through negotiations.
The Proclamation of 1763 prevented Georgia from gaining new land.
Georgia gained territory from the Indians, particularly in the
west.

113. Georgia gained territory, particularly in the west.

114. How did government in Georgia change when the colony moved from the trustee period to a royal colony?
It was more organized, better funded, and
had more authority.
It was weaker and caused much more conflict with Spain.
The government caused the colony not to grow and lost huge sums of money.
The Royal Governors successfully avoided
all conflicts with Indians.

115. Georgia gained territory from the Indians, particularly in the west.

116. VOCABULARY

117. monarch
a colonist
indentured servant
a trustee
king or queen

118. a king or queen

119. colonists trustee indentured servants apprentices
A group of people who settle in a new land but who keep their ties to their homeland.
colonists
trustee
indentured servants
apprentices

120. colonists

121. colonists trustees indentured servants apprentices
People who agree to work for someone for a set period of time in exchange for passage to the New World.
colonists
trustees
indentured servants
apprentices

122. Indentured servants

123. A person who holds responsibility on behalf of others
colonist
trustee
indentured servant
apprentice

124. trustee

125. A legal document that grants special rights and privileges
will
license
charter
regulation

126. charter

127. One who is skilled in a trade or art form
indentured servant
apprentice
artisan
missionary

128. artisan

129. monarch priest trustee mission
A ministry commissioned by a religious organization to spread their faith
monarch
priest
trustee
mission

130. mission

131. A leader in the Spanish conquest of America
nomad
conquistador
monarch
colonist

132. conquistador

133. a fort where troops are housed
garrison
barracks
bunkers
cannongate

134. garrison

135. militia a special forces unit a medical army unit a citizen army
a missionary army

136. A citizen army

137. An unhappy group of people who feel they have been mistreated
malcontents
middlemen
trustees
parishes

138. malcontents

139. Tall fences, sometimes made of sharpened stakes
moats
barbed wire
forts
palisades

140. palisades

141. In colonial Georgia, a church and British government district
mission
colony
parish
monarch

142. parish

143. A trade policy in which a country exports more than it imports.
mercantilism
global trade
slave trade
exportism

144. mercantilism

145. indentured servant artisan gardener slave
A person who had few rights and who spent his or her entire life in service to others.
indentured servant
artisan
gardener
slave

146. slave

147. craftsmen
indentured servants
artisans
gardeners
slaves

148. artisans

149. Puritans artisans socialites craftsmen
A group of people who had broken away from the Church of England because of religious differences
Puritans
artisans
socialites
craftsmen

150. Puritans

151. WRITTEN RESPONSE
Select TWO of the following questions for your written response. On a separate piece of paper, COPY the question and write your answer in complete sentences. Be sure to completely answer the question.

152. Compare and contrast the life of the Native Americans before and after European exploration.
Compare and contrast James Oglethorpe’s vision for the new colony of Georgia with the reality of what the new colony of Georgia was really like when it was first settled.
Describe those who contributed to the establishment of the Georgia colony (You must include at least 3).
Describe the layout of the first city in Georgia, Savannah.
Compare and contrast Georgia as a trustee colony and Georgia as a royal colony.