1. At The Turn Of The Century
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2. Contents Backgrounds Writers Turn Of The Century Naturalism
Henry Adams ( )
Frank Norris ( )
Jack London ( )
Upton Sinclair ( )

3. Backgrounds What is the Turn Of The Century?
- The End of one century and the beginning of another. (Ex: )
- Turn of the century, in its broadest sense, refers to the transition from one century to another. The term is most often used to indicate a non-specific time period either before or after the beginning of a century or both before and after.

4. Naturalism
Naturalism was a literary movement taking place from the 1880s to 1940s that used detailed realism to suggest that social conditions, heredity, and environment had inescapable force in shaping human character. It was depicted as a literary movement that seeks to replicate a believable everyday reality, as opposed to such movements as Romanticism or Surrealism, in which subjects may receive highly symbolic, idealistic, or even supernatural treatment. Naturalism is the outgrowth of literary realism, a prominent literary movement in mid-19th-century France and elsewhere.

5. Writers -1 Henry Adams (1813-1918)
American Journalist, Historian,
Academic and novelist.
He is best known for his autobiography, The Education of Henry Adams. He was a member of the Adams political family.

6. Democracy(1880) is a novel about political power, its acquisition, use and abuse. It is set at the beginning of a new administration, with the election campaign just over and the new President of the United States just having been elected. However, all the characters depicted are entirely fictitious. The new president's Christian name is Jacob, while his full name is never revealed.

7. Writers -2
Frank Norris(March 5, 1870 – October 25, 1902) was an American novelist, during the Progressive Era, writing predominantly in the naturalist genre. His notable works include McTeague (1899), The Octopus: A Story of California (1901), and The Pit (1903).

8. McTeague (1809) is a novel by Frank Norris, first published in 1899
McTeague (1809) is a novel by Frank Norris, first published in It tells the story of a couple's courtship and marriage, and their subsequent descent into poverty, violence and finally murder as the result of jealousy and avarice.

9. Writers -3
Jack London (January 12, 1876 – November 22, 1916) was an American author, journalist, and social activist. He was a pioneer in the then-burgeoning world of commercial magazine fiction and was one of the first fiction writers to obtain worldwide celebrity and a large fortune from his fiction alone.

10. The Call of the Wild (1903) is a novella by American author Jack London published in The story takes place in the extreme conditions of the Yukon during the 19th-century Klondike Gold Rush, where strong sled dogs were in high demand. The novella details Buck's struggle to adjust and survive the cruel treatment he receives from humans, other dogs, and nature.

11. Writers -4
Upton Sinclair (September 20, 1878 – December 25, 1968), was an American author and one-time candidate for governor of California who wrote close to one hundred books in many genres. He achieved popularity in the first half of the twentieth century, acquiring particular fame for his classic muckraking novel, The Jungle (1906).

12. The Jungle is a 1906 novel written by journalist, socialist, and politician Upton Sinclair ( ).Sinclair wrote the novel with the intent to portray the lives of immigrants in the United States. The novel depicts, in harsh tones, poverty, the absence of social programs, unpleasant living and working conditions, and the hopelessness prevalent among the working class, which is contrasted with the deeply-rooted corruption on the part of those in power. Sinclair's observations of the state of turn-of-the-twentieth-century labor were placed front and center for the American public to see, suggesting that something needed to be changed to get rid of American wage slavery.

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