1. ECOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION

2. Ecological Organization
Ecology is the study of the interactions of organisms with one another and their physical environment.

3. Ecological Organization
Every organism has a habitat (where it lives) and a niche (its role or job) in the ecosystem.
(Have the students give examples of habitats and niches for different organisms.)

4. Ecological Organization
The interactions of the organisms may be studied as populations, communities, ecosystems or the entire biosphere.

5. Biotic vs Abiotic Biotic Factors: Living (or once living) aka. organic
Abiotic Factors: non-living

6. Ecosystem Organization
Organism is a single living thing.

7. Remember species? Species - organisms that can breed with one another and produce viable, fertile offspring.

8. Ecological Organization
Population is the number of individuals of the same species in the same place at the same time.

9. Ecological Organization
Community is all of the different populations living in the same area at same time.

10. Ecological Organization
Ecosystem is all of the communities (biotic) and all of the physical factors (abiotic) in an area.

11. Ecological Organization
Biomes are ecosystems that span a large area and have characteristic biotic and abiotic factors.

12. Ecosystem Organization
Biosphere is all of the areas on earth where organisms live.

13. 1.  A group of animals that live in the same area and can interbreed is called a (n) _____________________
2.  The study of organisms and their interactions with the environment is known as ___________________________
3.  A large area that has a particular climate and distinct plants and animals is called a ____________________________
4.  All of the different populations living in an area (plants, rabbits, coyotes...) is called the _________________________
5.  An ecosystem includes all the living and ___________ factors in an area. 
6.  The portion of the planet that can sustain life is the  ________
7.  Animals that can interbreed are called a(n) _______________

14. The table lists four groups of factors found in a particular ecosystem
The table lists four groups of factors found in a particular ecosystem. Which group consists of only abiotic factors? F Group 1 G Group 2 H Group 3 J Group 4

15. Community Interactions
Competition Symbiosis Predation

16. Competition
Organisms of the same or different species attempt to use the same ecological resource (food, water, space) in the same place at the same time
E lk Herd
Bison
Moose

17. Competition
Occurs when two organisms want the same thing (not good for anybody)
Tiger Swallowtail butterfly
Two different butterfly species feeding on the same flowers
Blue Butterfly

18. Symbiosis
Any relationship in which two different species live closely together is called symbiosis (“living together”)
Mutualism
Commensalism
Parasitism

19. Mutualism Both organisms benefit Examples: Flowers and insects
Bee on Purple Anemone
Examples:
Flowers and insects
Ants and aphids
Ant and Aphid

20. Mutualism Lichen Algae and fungus living together Lichen
Lichen is really two organisms: algae and fungus. The fungus needs food but cannot make it. The algae makes food but needs some way to keep moist. The fungus forms a crust around the algae which holds in moisture. Both organisms benefit
Lichen

21. Mutualism The Chital and the Tree-pie
The tree-pies help the chital by stripping the dead velvet from the antlers. This provides them with nourishment Therefore both species are benefiting from this symbiotic behavior.
The Chital and the Tree-pie

22. Commensalism
One member of the association benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed.
Examples:
Spanish moss
Spanish Moss

23. Commensalism Whales & Barnacles Whale Barnacles Barnacles on Whale
Barnacles need a place to anchor. They must wait for food to come their way. Some barnacles hitch a ride on unsuspecting whales who deliver them to a food source. This does not effect the whale in any way
Whale Barnacles
Barnacles on Whale

24. Commensalism
Epiphytes
“air plants”
Epiphyte in Tree
Epiphyte

25. Parasitism Examples: Lice, tapeworms, ringworm
One organisms benefits; one organism is harmed
Examples:
Lice, tapeworms, ringworm
Female head louse
Female Head Lice

26. Parasitism
The parasite obtains all or part of its nutritional needs from the other organism, the host.
Ticks
Before
After
Black Legged Tick
Blacklegged Tick: An adult female blacklegged tick, engorged after a blood meal, rests on a leaf.

27. Parasitism
Mistletoe

28. Predation predator Interaction in which one organism
Falcon
captures and feeds on another organism
prey
Ground Squirrel

29. Predation
Grizzlies prey upon salmon
Grizzly Bear

30. Predation
Arctic Hare
Rabbit and Coyote
Coyote
rabbit
coyote

31. Ultimate Predator?
Why is man sometimes called the “Ultimate Predator”?
Ultimate Predator?
Why is man sometimes called the “Ultimate Predator”?