1. Psychological Adaptation to Pregnancy
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2. Psychological Adaptation to Pregnancy
First trimester task
Accept the pregnancy
Second trimester task
Accept the baby
Third trimester task
Prepare for parenthood
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3. The Formation of Maternal Identity: Supporting Women in their Transition to Motherhood
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4. Maternal Tasks of Pregnancy
Safe Passage
Acceptance of Others
Binding-in to the Child
Giving of Oneself
“Maternal Identity and the Maternal Experience”. Reva Rubin (Springer Co.)
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5. 1st Trimester Safe Passage
Safety of self is more important than the baby
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6. 1st Trimester Acceptance of Others
The woman is realigning with the “idea” of being pregnant
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7. 1st Trimester Binding-in to the Child
Very little binding-in to the child
“Binds-in” to the idea of the pregnancy itself
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8. 1st Trimester Giving of Oneself The Child is still an abstraction
She weighs the risks and benefits: What may be given with what may be taken away
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9. 2nd Trimester Binding-in to the Child Quickening
All tasks are undertaken more seriously after movement is felt
Fetal movement transforms the baby to personhood
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10. 2nd trimester Safe Passage
Begins to be more protective of her unborn child
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11. 2nd trimester Acceptance of others
Progresses to focus on “the child” rather than the pregnancy
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12. 2nd trimester Giving of Oneself
Directly explores the meaning of the act of giving and of being given to
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13. 3rd Trimester Safe Passage Concern is for self and baby
Seeks out information to ensure safe passage in labor and birth
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14. 3rd Trimester Acceptance of Others
Conditional vs. unconditional acceptance of others
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15. 3rd Trimester Binding-in to the Child Grows tired of being pregnant
She loves the child but hates the pregnancy
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16. 3rd Trimester Giving of Oneself Begins the act of giving
Receives from others as a symbol of giving and receiving
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17. Adolescent Pregnancy
Relationship with the father of the baby is important
Social support
Knowledge of Infant Development
Maternal confidence
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18. Motherhood Constellation
Life/Growth (concern for G&D)
Primary Relatedness (emotional engagement)
Supporting Matrix (support systems)
Identity Reorganization (transformation of self-identity)
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19. Questions:
“Will I be able to keep my infant protected and alive?” (Life/Growth)
“Will I be able to love my infant in a special way so that she/he will become ‘my baby’ and not just any baby?” (Primary Relatedness)
“Will I be helped in this task?” (Support Matrix)
“How will this experience shape my life?” (Identity Reorganization)
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20. Signs of difficulty with the maternal tasks:
Little or no prenatal care
High-risk health behaviors
Nothing prepared for the baby at term
Refers to fetus in negative terms
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21. High Risk Historical Factors
Unplanned/Unwanted pregnancy
Short interconceptional period
Previous traumatic birth
Previous pre-term birth
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22. High risk factors, cont. Previous pregnancy or newborn loss
Previous loss of own mother (death, adoption, abandonment)
Current or past abuse
Depression
Substance Use/Abuse
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23. Maternal/Fetal Attachment Behaviors
Interacting with the fetus
Giving of self
Identifying the fetus(gender,naming)
Fantasizing or Attribution of characteristics
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24. Role of the nurse Skillful screening and history taking
Empathic listening
Therapeutic use of self
Have a thorough knowledge of community resources for referral
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