1. HAI
Sept. 25, 2017

2. What is a Healthcare Associated Infection? What is MRSA?
Bell Work
What is a Healthcare Associated Infection?
What is MRSA?
What is Clostridium difficile?

3. Standard
Assess the differences between healthcare associated infections and non-healthcare associated infections using examples drawn from mock case studies. Support explanations with relevant surveillance statistics, preventive measures, and methodologies concerning outbreak detection, management, and education.

4. Objectives By the end of class, students will be able to:
Know the difference between healthcare associated infections and non-healthcare associated infections
Recognize best preventative measures for preventing infections

5. Health Care Associate Infections (HCAI)
Infections that patients acquire during the course of receiving treatment for other conditions within a healthcare setting
Increase cost: $26-33 billion annually
CDC estimates 1 in 25 hospital patients has an infection

6. Types of Infections Catheter-associated urinary tract infections
Surgical site infections
Bloodstream infections
Pneumonia
Clostridium difficile

7. Catheter-Associated urinary tract infections
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection involving any part of the urinary system, including urethra, bladder, ureters, and kidney.
UTIs are the most common type of healthcare-associated infection reported
Among UTIs acquired in the hospital, approximately 75% are associated with a urinary catheter, which is a tube inserted into the bladder through the urethra to drain urine. 
Between 15-25% of hospitalized patients receive urinary catheters during their hospital stay. 
Risk factor for developing a UTI is prolonged use of the urinary catheter. 

8. Surgical Site Infections
occurs after surgery in the part of the body where the surgery took place
Surgical site infections can sometimes be superficial infections involving the skin only.
Other surgical site infections are more serious and can involve tissues under the skin, organs, or implanted material.
CDC provides guidelines and tools to the healthcare community to help end surgical site infections 

9. Bloodstream Infections
Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) result in thousands of deaths each year and billions of dollars in added costs to the U.S. healthcare system, yet these infections are preventable.
A central line (also known as a central venous catheter) is a catheter (tube) that doctors often place in a large vein in the neck, chest, or groin to give medication or fluids or to collect blood for medical tests.
Central lines access a major vein that is close to the heart and can remain in place for weeks or months and be much more likely to cause serious infection.
Central lines are commonly used in intensive care units.

10. Pneumonia
Ventilator-associated pneumonia is a lung infection that develops in a person who is on a ventilator.
A ventilator is a machine that is used to help a patient breathe by giving oxygen through a tube placed in a patient’s mouth or nose, or through a hole in the front of the neck.
An infection may occur if germs enter through the tube and get into the patient’s lungs

11. What is C. Diff?
Bacterium that causes inflammation of the colon, known as colitis.
People who have other illnesses or conditions requiring prolonged use of antibiotics, and the elderly, are at greater risk of acquiring this disease.
The bacteria are found in the feces. People can become infected if they touch items or surfaces that are contaminated with feces and then touch their mouth or mucous membranes.
Healthcare workers can spread the bacteria to patients or contaminate surfaces through hand contact.

12. Symptoms of C. Diff
Watery diarrhea (at least three bowel movements per day for two or more days)
Fever
Loss of appetite
Nausea
Abdominal pain/tenderness

13. More about HAI
Occur across the continuum of care and can be transmitted between different health care facilities.
Recent studies suggest that implementing existing prevention practices can lead to up to a 70 percent reduction in certain infections

14. Ambulatory Facilities
Healthcare, infections, and antibiotic resistance have moved beyond hospitals
Hospitals
Dialysis Facilities
Ambulatory Facilities
Long-term Care

15. Objectives for Healthy People 2020
A central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) is a serious HAI that occurs when germs (e.g., bacteria) enter the bloodstream through the central line (a long flexible tube placed in a large vein that empties out near the heart). These infections result in thousands of deaths each year and several million dollars in added costs to the U.S. health care system. 
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a type of bacteria that is resistant to many antibiotics. In medical facilities, MRSA causes life-threatening bloodstream infections, pneumonia, and surgical site infections. 

17. States with Mandatory Public Reporting Policies for Healthcare-Associated Infections
DC*
2004
2015
States required to publicly report some healthcare-associated infections

18. State Prevention Programs
CDC supports at least one HAI coordinator in every state through the Epidemiology and Laboratory Capacity for Infectious Diseases (ELC) Cooperative Agreement
State health departments work to:
Track infections in healthcare facilities
Implement prevention strategies across healthcare settings using CDC’s tools and evidence-based guidelines

19. Health Care Associate Infections (HCAI)

20. What is the Number 1 way to prevent infection?
HANDWASHING!!!

21. How do you break the chain of infection
HANDWASHING!

22. Hand Hygiene

23. Chain of Infection Article
Read for information and COLOR CODE
How is the information in the text organized? (Yellow)
What is the author’s purpose? (green)
Main idea of each paragraph (blue)
vocabulary- using context clues find 3 unfamiliar words and define in your own words (orange)
What are important facts in the text? (orange)