1. Skeletal & Muscle Review

2. 1. Name the 4 axial skeletal bones.
skull
vertebral column
ribs
sternum

3. 2. What are the remaining bones called?
appendicular

4. 3. What are the 5 main functions of the skeletal system?
Protection
structure/support
movement
make blood cells
store minerals

5. 4. How many bones are in an adult human?
206

6. 5. What is the approximate mass of the skeletal and muscular system?
Skeletal-less than 20%
Muscular more than 40%

7. 6. Put the 3 bone layers in order from the outside to the inside & briefly describe.
Periosteum-tough outer membrane with blood vessels, nerves & nutrients
Compact-endures stress & absorbs impact
Spongy-hard, strong tissue with open spaces (lightweight)

8. 7. Describe the 2 types of bone marrow.
Red-makes RBC’s & WBC’s
Yellow-fat cells/energy reserve

9. What is the most important part of the bone in healing a fracture?
Periosteum

10. 9. Diagram & describe the 6 joint types.
Hinge-moves back & forth like a door (elbow & knee)
Gliding-bones slide over one another (wrist & ankle)

11. 9. cont.
Pivot-side to side motion or twisting like motion (head & vertebrae)
Ball & socket-allows most movement (hip & shoulder)
Saddle-rotates & looks like a horses saddle (thumb)
Immovable-fixed (bones in cranium)

12. 10. What holds bone to muscle?
Tendon (Achilles tendon is heal to calf muscle)

13. 11.What holds bone to bone?
Ligament (ACL tibia to femur)

14. 12.What is on the end of the bones?
Cartilage

15. 13.What is the fluid between the bones to improve movement of joints?
Synovial fluid

16. 14.What are the 3 types of muscle tissue and describe each.
Cardiac-involuntary/striated/heart
Smooth-involuntary/not striated/digestive & blood vessels
Skeletal-voluntary/striated/biceps, Abdominis, gluteus maximus etc.

17. 15. One muscle is made of ___________ __________
15.One muscle is made of ___________ __________. One muscle fiber is made of _______________ . One myofibril is divided into units called ____________.
bundles of
muscle fibers
bundles of myofibrils
sarcomeres

18. 16.What are the 2 types of filaments and briefly describe.
Myosin protein-thick
Actin protein-thin

19. 17. What filament slides during a contraction?
Actin

20. 18.What filament does not move?
Myosin

21. 19.Describe the pair relationship between muscles.
Flexor contracts while extensor relaxes

22. 20.
fibula
tibia

23. 21.