Week 26 Unit III: “ENDING World War II”

Week 26 Unit III: “ENDING World War II”
March 5-9, 2018

Why are we here this week?
Students will complete examination and evaluation of the military strategies considered by the Allies during World War II. Students will conduct a “FACEOFF DEBATE:” Did the U.S. & its allies fight and win World War II the “right way?” Students will review Ch. 17, HA 35 & 36, FC 136 & 137, plus MAPS of European & Pacific theatersQUIZ #2 of Unit III.

What would you do, COACH? You are the head coach of a high school basketball team. Your team is about to play the top-ranked team, which has last year’s most valuable player (MVP) on its roster. You just found out that half of your team is caught in traffic and will not make it in time for the start of the game. What strategy will you pursue? You must choose one of the following strategies, then explain your choice on your handout: Play defense, stall, and try to keep the score close in hopes that your other players will arrive soon. Go on the offense and attack the opponent’s MVP, hoping to tire him or her and get him or her to foul. Attack the weakest player, even if that allows the MVP to stay rested and remain on offense.

Flow of History #136 WW II in EUROPE
READ, “ANALYZE,” annotate, and ANSWER the ?s in your Unit III packet…10 minor points each Flow of History #137 WW II in the PACIFIC

How did the U.S. strategy compare to the basketball game scenario?
When the United States entered World War II, the Axis forces were superior in both number and strength, much like the stronger team in the Preview. Military analysts for the United States and its allies had to determine which strategies to pursue to defeat the dominating Axis powers. Periods 1, 3 & 6 READ p. 465…Period 4 & 5 did not.

READ, THINK, and DISCUSS intelligently !
For which World War II military strategies or actions do you think the United States should be praised? Why? Discuss and prepare to DEBATE! For which World War II military strategies or actions do you think the United States should be criticized? Why? READ, THINK, and DISCUSS intelligently ! If you had been president during the war, how might you have conducted the war differently? Respond honestly with the “skills of a historian.” What legitimate and/or accurate points? What NEW questions do you have?

Phase 2 of Unit III begins!
Visit learntci.com and use the “map magnifier” to locate ALL the major items in your annotated map assignment!

Blitzkrieg https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sj0o8_WPb-A
Blitzkrieg tactics made the German army seem unstoppable. The Nazi war machine took just a month to crush Poland. It then turned its aggression on other European countries.

In Poland, the German armed forces relied on a strategy of blitzkrieg, or “lightning war.” Without any warning, German bombers launched attacks on railroads, airfields, communications networks, military bases, and other strategic sites. These attacks helped prevent Polish mobilization, the assembling of troops and equipment for war. Meanwhile, waves of infantry, supported by tanks and artillery, pushed toward key cities. Germany’s method was to outflank, surround, and destroy. Motorized units quickly swept around and encircled the Polish army. Warplanes rained bombs and bullets on the enemy. Then the foot soldiers moved in to finish the job. Ill-equipped and overwhelmed, the Polish forces quickly collapsed.

Military Analyst Team: Decision #1
Names: Period #: Military Analyst Team: Decision #1 Prepare your recommendations by gathering supporting arguments from the student texts and accompanying map.

Military Analyst Team Decision #1
Circle your CONSENSUS choice, then BRIEFLY explain your reasoning (write).

Section 2 : Preparing for War in Europe (p. 466-467)
North Africa Hitler hoped to cut off the Allies’ oil from the Middle East by securing North Africa for the Axis powers and pushing the British out of Egypt. Hitler sent Field Marshal Erwin Rommel and the Afrika Korps to join the Italian army in North Africa. By June 1942, Rommel had taken much of North Africa and had driven deep into Egypt. Period 4,5 & 6 need to review these notes on Wednesday

Poland • Poles were treated with contempt by the Nazis. • Jews in Poland were forced into ghettos. • Thousands of Jews died from disease and starvation in the Warsaw Ghetto. • Six death camps were built in Poland. • Death camps were equipped with gas chambers, in which tens of thousands were killed each month.

Soviet Union • The Nazis invaded the western part of the Soviet Union. • The Nazis used blitzkrieg tactics to overcome Soviet troops. • A large German force approached Moscow. • A Nazi force marched toward the oil-rich Caucasus. Period 1 stopped here on Tuesday, 3/11

HOPEFULLY, you read. : Sec. 3, War in Europe (1942-45) (p
HOPEFULLY, you read?: Sec. 3, War in Europe ( ) (p ) and labeled & annotated your MAP? Southern Italy • The Allies used North Africa as a staging area to invade the island of Sicily in southern Italy. • The Allied assault met little opposition at first. • Italy’s political leaders voted to oust Mussolini and restore the king and parliament. • Italy surrendered to the Allies and soon declared war on Germany. • German forces remained in Italy and battled Allied forces as they moved north.

Section 3, War in Europe (1942-45) (p. 468-471)
Stalingrad • Axis troops moved farther into Soviet territory. • Hitler split his forces so they could seize the rest of the Caucasus and also take Stalingrad. • By mid-September, Axis troops had trapped a large Soviet force inside of Stalingrad. • The Soviet Red Army launched a counteroffensive against the Nazi assault. • The German troops were surrounded, but Hitler insisted that they fight to their death. • German troops surrendered to the Soviets. • More than 200,000 German and 1 million Soviet soldiers died in the Battle of Stalingrad.

Normandy • Operation Overlord called for an invasion of France. • On D-Day, landing craft unloaded Allied troops on the beaches of Normandy. • German gun batteries targeted the invading Allies. • By the end of the first day, the Allies held 59 miles of the Normandy coast. • From Normandy, Allied troops began a rapid sweep across France and liberated Paris in August 1944.

Battle of the Bulge • Hitler planned for his armies to burst through the Allied lines in the Ardennes region of Belgium. • On December 16, 1944, eight German armored divisions smashed into the American forces, creating a large bulge in the Allied line. • Allied air support and the support of General Patton’s Third Army forced the Germans to withdraw. • The Battle of the Bulge was the last German offensive on the western front.

Prepare your recommendations by gathering supporting arguments from the texts and accompanying map. WRITE!

READ: Section 4, Preparing for War in the Pacific (p. 472-474)
Philippines • Under the command of General MacArthur, Americans and Filipinos battled a fierce Japanese onslaught. • Roosevelt ordered MacArthur to leave the Philippines, but MacArthur vowed to return. • After the Japanese completed their conquest of the Philippines, they rounded up approximately 70,000 American and Filipino prisoners and marched them up the Bataan Peninsula to a prison camp. • During the Bataan Death March, more than 7,000 American and Filipino prisoners died. Period 4,5 needs to start here on Friday, 3/14

Tokyo • On April 18, 1942, 16 American bombers bombed Tokyo and other Japanese cities. • The bombs did little damage to Japan, but the surprise raids thrilled Americans and shocked the Japanese. • The Japanese responded by putting more resources into defending the home islands.

Coral Sea • After American code breakers learned that Japan was moving to isolate Australia, the Americans sent a small naval force to the Coral Sea. • The Battle of the Coral Sea was fought entirely by carrier based aircraft. • This was the first naval battle in history in which the enemies’ warships never came within sight of each other. • Japanese aircraft sank two American carriers, while American planes sank one Japanese carrier and damaged the other two. • Americans gained a strategic victory despite fairly even losses.

READ: Section 5, War in the Pacific (1942-45) (p. 474-477)
Midway • The Americans intercepted a coded Japanese message telling of plans for a major offensive, most likely at the U.S base at Midway. • American planes demolished the enemy force. • Japan never recovered from the loss of naval carriers and so many of its experienced pilots. • The Battle of Midway was Japan’s last offensive action in the war.

Okinawa • Knowing that Okinawa would give the Americans a prime staging area for the invasion of Japan, Japanese military leaders moved their best army units from Japan and China to defend the island. • The Allies launched a large amphibious invasion in April • The Japanese strongly resisted the American invaders. • Combat in Okinawa continued for two months and claimed the lives of more than 100,000 American and Japanese soldiers.

Homework: Prepare to Debate WW II military strategies FYI: QUIZ likely Thursday, 3/8 (Ch. 17, plus 35-36…Holocaust) 3/5/18: During WW II, for which decisions should the U.S. & its allies be praised? For which should they be criticized? Monday, March 5, 2018 Fighting World War II Complete Ch. 36 and review maps/decisions Did the U.S. & its allies fight and win World War II the “right way?”

Prepare your recommendations by gathering supporting arguments from the text and accompanying map. WRITE!

Hiroshima and Nagasaki • On August 6, 1945 an American bomber dropped an atomic bomb on the city of Hiroshima, instantly killing as many as 80,000 Japanese. • Thousands of structures toppled and hundreds of fires consumed the city as a result of the bombing. • Three days later the United States dropped a second atomic bomb on the city of Nagasaki, instantly killing some 40,000 people. • As a result of the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, up to 250,000 people may have died from burns, radiation poisoning, or cancer. • The destruction of Hiroshima and Nagasaki brought a Japanese surrender.

READ, THINK, and DISCUSS intelligently !
For which World War II military strategies or actions do you think the United States should be praised? Why? Discuss and prepare to DEBATE! For which World War II military strategies or actions do you think the United States should be criticized? Why? READ, THINK, and DISCUSS intelligently ! If you had been president during the war, how might you have conducted the war differently? Respond honestly with the “skills of a historian.” What legitimate and/or accurate points? What NEW questions do you have?

Did the U.S. & its allies fight and win World War II the “right way?”
Homework: Study for WW II QUIZ (Ch. 17 “ttt”, MAPS, HA 35-36, FC 136 & 137…Holocaust) From 3/23/6: REPEAT? Did the U.S. & its allies fight and win World War II the “right way?” Tuesday, March 6, 2018 FACEOFF DEBATE FC 136 & 137 checked “now” (10 pts each)

What should members of this class do, or refrain from doing, in order to make our community successful? Why should I care? What are the actions that citizens (people) can take to create and maintain a strong community? Acquiring, interpreting, and using information… Communicating… Making informed judgments… Making decisions… Cooperating… Assessing your involvement… Promoting your interests…

FACEOFF DEBATE Did the U.S. & its allies fight and win World War II the “right way?” 15 minutes of PREP time…organize arguments and identify debaters (who will rebut or counter? YES…opening argument is ONE MINUTE…preview main points and/or most POWERFUL claim NO…60-seconds…preview arguments, etc. 30-second “debate” points…JUDGES moderate time and “score” arguments/rebuttals ONLY the judges may ask QUESTIONS…30-second reply from each sides until “done” EVERYONE must speak once before anyone can speak a 2nd time!!! “Closing argument” NO side can have the final 60 seconds or go first at the end JUDGES will decide “winning side,” plus recognize 3 top arguments/claims for each side

FACEOFF DEBATE Did the U.S. & its allies fight and win World War II the “right way?”

Wednesday-Thursday, March 7-8, 2018 SNOW DAYS
Homework: Study for WW II QUIZ (Ch. 17 “ttt”, MAPS, HA 35-36, FC 136 & 137…Holocaust) Wednesday-Thursday, March 7-8, 2018 SNOW DAYS

II. Fighting World War II QUIZ
Homework: Study for EXAMTuesday, March 13th Academic: Unit III Honors: Midterm (Units I, II, & III) Friday, March 9, 2018 I. Review Ch. 17, HA 35 & 3 ? II. Fighting World War II QUIZ

Fighting WW II QUIZ: “Need to Know”
# soldiers drafted vs. enlisted? “arsenal of democracy” & “day that will live in infamy”…? Life for African Americans, Mexican Americans, & Jews was full of…? Impact of WW II on opportunities for women & other minorities? Effects of WW II on divorce & unemployment rates? Review strategies from M.A.T. decision activity: -Launch an invasion of North Africa from Egypt and from naval ships in the Atlantic. Advance toward Tunisia and defeat German divisions, then cross the Mediterranean and begin invading Sicily and the Italian peninsula. -Deploy divisions to Britain and launch a massive cross-channel invasion of Nazi-occupied France on the western front. Move eastward to liberate Paris, while the Soviets pressed west toward Berlin from the eastern front. -Drop an atomic bomb on a large Japanese city. Continue to drop bombs on other cities until Japan surrenders. -Defend the Soviet Union. Move Allied divisions into the western part of the Soviet Union and help the Red Army defend itself against German divisions. -Divert some American planes to bomb concentration camps. In addition, bomb all railroads leading to the camps. -Liberate Japanese-occupied islands in the Pacific. Create a staging area on each liberated island and prepare for the next advance following a leapfrogging or island-hopping strategy. -Create a staging area in inland China. Launch an air assault on the nearby Japanese mainland. -Plan a large-scale amphibious invasion of the four main Japanese islands. Prepare staging areas on nearby islands and attack Japan by air and sea using conventional weapons and tactics.

Fighting WW II QUIZ: “Need to Know”
MAP Items: Where & WHAT happened? North Africa Sicily (southern Italy) Normandy (D-Day) Battle of the Bulge Poland Soviet Union (Stalingrad) Tokyo Okinawa Hiroshima & Nagasaki Philippines Midway Review terms/conceptsmatching: Allies v. Axis Manhattan Project Office of Scientific Research & Development Nisei & Japanese-Americans Office of Price Administration “Europe first” atomic bombs island-hopping/leapfrogging Holocaust concentration camps

Out of the Frying Pan into the Firing Line
The Americans, Chapter 17 (p ) The United States in World War II 1. How did the United States provide the people and weapons to fight the war? With the draft (~10 mill.) and volunteers (~5 mill.), the United States raised 15 million soldiers to fight in the war. The government also organized a labor force of 18 million (1/3 were women) and controlled consumer goods with the Office of Price Administration. The Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) recruited scientists to develop new weapons, medicine, technology, including the atomic bomb. Out of the Frying Pan into the Firing Line

2. How did the Allies defeat Germany and Italy?
The United States and Great Britain used convoys and new technology to win the Battle of the Atlantic. The Soviet victory at Stalingrad was followed by other advances. The Americans and British ousted the Germans from North Africa and invaded Italy and France. Germany surrendered in 1945. See Ch. 36, War in Europe Map (Sec. 3)

3. How did the Allies defeat Japan?
To defeat Japan, the U.S. adopted a strategy of taking smaller islands (leapfrogging or island hopping) and then bombing supply lines. Naval victories helped too. Finally, the U.S. dropped two atomic bombs on Japan to compel surrender. See Ch. 36, War in Pacific MAPS (Sec. 4 & 5) Oppenheimer reflects on atomic weapons...

4. What social and economic changes arose from the war?
During World War II, farmers’ economic position improved, as did women’s. The war required personal adjustments, as many people married and many divorced. Soldiers returning home had to readjust to civilian life, aided by the GI Bill of Rights. African and Mexican Americans saw increased opportunities but suffered some violence. Japanese Americans (including Nisei) suffered greatly when they were uprooted and sent to internment camps, losing all their possessions. p

Alive! Ch. 36: Fighting World War II, p. 477
World War II lasted from 1939 to The United States played a major role in both main fronts of the war—Europe and the Pacific. To retake Europe, the Allies invaded North Africa, Italy, and France, and then moved on to Germany. To retake the Pacific, they fought island by island, until they closed in on Japan. Allies versus Axis powers The Allies’ strategy of “Europe First” set the United States, Britain, and the USSR against the Axis countries of Germany and Italy. In the Pacific, the United States and China battled Japan. Battle of Stalingrad Hitler’s effort to conquer the USSR ended at Stalingrad, where the Red Army forced the Nazis to retreat. The Soviets then pushed westward to Germany. D-Day The Allies invaded France on June 6, Then they swept into Germany and took Berlin. Hitler committed suicide, and Germany surrendered. Holocaust Moving through Poland and Germany, Allied forces liberated Jews and others from Nazi concentration camps and began to uncover the horrors of the Holocaust. Battle of Midway The United States stopped Japanese expansion in the Pacific at the Battle of Midway. It then went on the offensive, using tactics like leapfrogging to overcome Japanese resistance. Battle of Okinawa After the Battle of Okinawa, the Allies were poised for an invasion of Japan. Given the losses at Okinawa, however, they knew it would be a long and costly struggle. Manhattan Project Scientists with the Manhattan Project developed an atomic bomb and tested it in July A month later, the United States dropped two bombs on Japanese cities, forcing Japan’s surrender and bringing an end to World War II.

Alive! Ch. 35: The Impact of WW II on Americans
World War II had a great impact on Americans. Some aided the war effort by joining the armed forces. Others produced military equipment and supplies. Many tended victory gardens, recycled goods, and used ration coupons. Minority groups struggled for equal treatment. Opportunities to serve For many young Americans, World War II provided an opportunity to fight for their country and its ideals. Members of minority groups also saw the war as an opportunity to show that they deserved the respect of white Americans. New job opportunities Millions of workers left their jobs to join the military. The resulting labor shortage opened the doors of industry to many who had once been shut out. Women, African Americans, and Mexican Americans all found jobs in war-related industries. Broader worldviews The war sent soldiers far from home and many to foreign lands. They came back with a broader view of the world and a new perspective on what it meant to be an American. Many civilians moved to industrial centers, where they lived and worked with different groups of people. Hardships of war Most Americans knew little about the real hardships of war. GIs, however, faced those hardships every day as they risked their lives in battle. Continued prejudice Racial and ethnic prejudice continued to plague American society. African Americans and Mexican Americans faced harassment at home and in the service. Japanese Americans lost their civil rights because of their ancestry. American Jews struggled against anti-Semitism that limited efforts to save European Jews from Nazi extermination. Hardships at home Women often worked “double shifts” at a paying job and domestic jobs at home. All Americans learned to live with rationing and price controls.

How did the U.S. & its allies fight and WIN World War II?
Student responses from 2018…NICE WORK! How was World War II Fought (and WON by the Allies) in the European theatre? Until the battles of Britain and Stalingrad, allied forces were overwhelmed by German blitzkrieg tactics. However, after the Allies were successfully able to defend Stalingrad and Britain, the tide began turning. The Axis powers were overwhelmed by allied invasions on three fronts. The SU began its massive counterattack on the countries to its west, while Italy was invaded via Northern Africa. On the beaches of Normandy, France, a massive infantry force of British, American, and Canadian troops landed to retake France. The SU and Western allies eventually closed in on Germany until the Soviets reached Berlin in 1945, Hitler killed himself and Germany surrendered. FC 136: Even though the beginning of the war made it seem like it would turn out to be a victory for the Axis, it came crashing down, when Germany became too overconfident because of its past victories. The Allies found ways to defeat the German's blitzkrieg strategy. They extended the use of air power to bomb cities, added motorized infantry and assault guns to slow it down, and lastly, they adapted their economies to completely war production. This was a turning point in the war. After, they launched many more air raids, and Britain, with assistance from the US, drove the Germans out of North Africa. Meanwhile, in the Soviet Union, the Russians caused Germany to surrender at Stalingrad. How was World War II Fought (and finally WON by the Allies) in the Pacific theatre? By 1941, when the US naval base at Pearl Harbor was attacked by Japanese forces and America entered the war, Japan had control over a large island empire. The Japanese generals, who had achieved an unbroken chain of victories, became extremely overconfident and ended up losing the battle of Midway. This proved to be a turning point of the war in the Pacific. Since Japan's empire consisted of islands, America's submarines and warships were easily able to destroy Japanese shipping and supplies. This led to more defeats in later battles. When America started bombing the Japanese mainland islands, much of the infrastructure and cities were destroyed. When japan still refused to surrender, two atomic bombs were dropped on the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, until Japan's emperor agreed to a unconditional surrender. FC 137: In the Pacific theatre, Japan was formed the Greater East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere, which would provide them with raw materials. The US was concerned of any Western aggression, so it cut off its oil shipments to Japan, who in respond attacked Pearl Harbor. Like Germany, Japan became overconfident because of all their victories, it set up their defeat at the Battle of Midway, which was a turning point of the war. The Japanese advance caused American industrial production to intensify and create overwhelming numbers of ships and planes for the war. Japan's major problem was that their army was thinly spread out between all its islands. The Allies launched air raids and bombed Japanese cities, including Tokyo. After the war in Europe was over, the Allies planned on invading Japan. Stalin wanted to join the war 90 days after the conclusion of the war in Europe. The US didn’t want to give him the chance to do that, so they dropped two atomic bombs on Japan, on Hiroshima, and another on Nagasaki. After the bombings, Japan surrendered.

World War II video outline found inside Unit III packet

Week 26 Unit III: “ENDING World War II”

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