1. Happy President’s Day!! EFFECTS:
Bell Ringer: Take out a sheet of paper. Write today’s date and number 1-8. Read the causes and match the correct effect.
EFFECTS:
____ 1. In the 1600s, the king could not just do what he wanted.
____ 2. The first colonists started their own governments.
____ 3. Colonists were used to having a say in government.
____ 4. Britain needed a way to make money. ____ 5. The colonists boycotted British goods. ____ 6. The British taxed paint, glass, and lead. ____ 7. The colonists declared independence. ____ 8. Britain lost control of the colonies.
CAUSES:
A. They were angry about the Stamp Act taxes.
B. The British government was too far away to deal with daily problems.
C. They were tired of the way the British were treating them.
D. He shared power with Parliament.
E. The colonists won the Revolutionary War.
F. They knew the colonists could not make those products themselves.
G. In England, the Parliament represented people in government.
H. It was in debt after fighting expensive wars.

2. Moving Toward Nationhood
Chapter 25: Section 3

3. A Clash of Views
The English colonists had different views on important issues than the English government had.
Because of this, the colonists began to conflict with England.

4. Government and Trade
England believed that Parliament represented all English citizens, but the colonists believed they were only represented by their own legislature.
Parliament had little understanding of the colonists’ needs.

5. Government and Trade
Colonists and English government had opposing views on trade, too.
Parliament would only allow colonies to trade with England.
Even with all of these differences, the colonists still helped England defeat France in the French and Indian War of 1763.

6. “No Taxation Without Representation”
Parliament found itself deep into debt. They decided to squeeze money out of the colonists (through taxes) so that they could pay off the debt.
The colonists protested that they should not be taxed without their own representatives approving the taxes.
The colonists thought that taxation without representation was taking the people’s money without their consent.

7. “No Taxation Without Representation”
Stamp Act- placed an expensive stamp on all legal documents; even on newspapers, calendars and almanacs!
Townshend Act- placed a new tax on glass, tea, paint, and paper
Sugar Act- placed a tax on all imported goods
Sugar, molasses, paper, glass

8. “No Taxation Without Representation”
The Boston Tea Party was a result of the colonists’ being taxed.
In order to make people pay taxes, Parliament gave the governors more power.
Colonists who were accused of breaking tax laws were thrown into jail.

9. Steps Towards Independence
Some colonists organized committees to share information about how their rights were being violated.
Legislatures saw a problem and called a formal meeting together (or congress).
In 1774, delegates from 12 colonies met in Philadelphia for the First Continental Congress.
The delegates were trying to convince the English government to respect the colonists’ rights. They even threatened to cut of all trade with England.

10. A Year Later
Instead of getting better, things got worse in the colonies.
At the Second Continental Congress met, colonists were already fighting with the English soldiers.
Patrick Henry argued for independence. He said that fighting had already begun and there was no turning back.
Many colonists feared independence and what life would be like without England ruling them.
Thomas Paine published a pamphlet called: Common Sense

11. The Declaration of Independence
Support for separation from England continued to increase. The delegates from the Second Continental Congress finally voted for independence!!!
Members of the committee who wrote the Declaration of Independence included:
Thomas Jefferson
Benjamin Franklin
John Adams

12. The Declaration of Independence
The Declaration of Independence states the colonists beliefs about natural rights.
Our rights are inalienable. This means that no government has the power to take them away.
The Declaration of Independence gave the power to the government as longs as it protected their rights.
The Declaration listed ways in which England had ignored the colonists’ rights as English citizens. This was proof that England was trying to rule the colonies with “absolute tyranny!”

13. The Declaration of Independence
The Declaration concludes with the signers pledging to support it with “our Lives, our Fortunes, and our sacred Honor.”
Our Declaration of Independence was adopted in Philadelphia on July 4, 1776.

14. Word Bank: consent life evident happiness people powers abolish liberty equal rights
We hold these truths to be self-_______________, that all men are created ______________, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable _______________, that among these are ____________, _____________, and the pursuit of ________________________.
That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just _______________ from the ______________ of the governed,
That whenever any form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the ______________ to alter or ________________ it

15. The Declaration of Independence
Declaration of Independence Song

16. Good Morning!!
Bell Ringer: Pick up your bell ringer sheet from Monday. Order the following events from 1- 6.
1. ____ Second Continental Congress meets.
2. ____Continental Congress adopts the Declaration of Independence on July 4.
3. ____First Continental Congress meets and writes a declaration of rights and grievances to King George III of England.
4. ____Declaration committee drafts a statement of independence from England.
5. ____British and American troops fight in battles at Lexington and Concord.
6. ____Thomas Paine’s pamphlet Common Sense argues that the colonies are getting nothing from England and should therefore become independent.

17. Organizing a New Government
Now that the colonies had become “free and independent states”, they had to organize a new government.
Compact-a written agreement to make and obey laws for the welfare of the group.
Each state created a contstitution. A constitution is a plan of government
By creating constitutions, each state was clearly spelling out the limits on government power.
Each state listed how long the governor could hold office; they also used Montesquieu’s idea of separation of powers.

18. Think About It: Which branch of government had the most power? Why?
Answer: The legislative branch because it most directly represented the interests of the citizens.

19. Articles of Confederation
Even though the states were united in wanting to become independent from England, they were still 13 separate government. At the Second Continental Congress, delegates debated how to form a national government.
The colonists were fearful of giving power to a central government.
The Second Continental Congress came up with an alliance of independent states known as the Articles of Confederation.

20. Articles of Confederation
It called for a national legislature in which each state would have one vote.
The national legislature was given the power to declare war, make treaties with foreign countries and work out trade agreements between states.
However, it was not given the power to tax or to enforce laws. The states had this power.
Ratification - approval

21. A Limping Government
Congress and the states had borrowed a large amount of money to buy war supplies to fight for independence.
The new government could not pay off their debts because they did not have enough gold and silver to back up their money.
Many people lost confidence in the value of American money.

22. Shay’s Rebellion
Many farmers slid into debt because they could not sell their crops. Many farmers lost their land because the state legislature sharply raised taxes on land.
In 1786, angry farmers (led by Daniel Shays) stormed into courthouses to disrupt business.

23. Shay’s Rebellion
Massachusetts had to use its own state militia to crush the rebellion.
This caused Americans to call for a stronger national government.
Many Americans agreed that the 13 proud and independent states had to face the challenge of establishing a stronger national government.

24. Think About It: What was the importance of Shay’s Rebellion??
Answer: It made it clear that Congress did not have enough power to make or enforce laws. It showed Americans that they needed a stronger central government.

25. **See Board for layout instructions.
In-Class Assignment
Directions- We have discussed four major documents in Chapter 25: Mayflower Compact, English Bill of Rights, Magna Carta, and Common Sense. You are to create a flip book and include information about each document. You may use your notes and book to help you!
Include:
-Title of each document
-Who wrote it? When?
-Main Idea of the document
-Purpose of document
**See Board for layout instructions.