1. CTUIR Cultural Acclimation
Oregon Community Health
Workers Association (ORCHWA)
(6th Annual Conference: Aug 17-18, 2018)

2. Today’s Overview Agenda
Welcome
Please sign in…grab your handouts; find a comfortable seat
Introductions: the ‘name’ game (ice-breaker)
Pre-Assessment of AI / AN demographics
Break
CTUIR & Yellowhawk Overviews
Post-Assessment (group responses); any remaining Q & A
Tamástslikt Cultural Institute Tour (all employees) Community Driving Tour (new employees)
Complete training evaluations
Receive Certificate of Completion 

3. The Impetus for CTUIR Cultural Acclimation training
Develop an awareness of current health disparities, its origins, as well as contemporary Social Determinants of Health…of the AI/AN population we serve.
Findings of the Community Health Assessment (Dec 2015)
high rates of chronic diseases such as diabetes, asthma, high blood pressure, over-weight status, binge drinking, access to care, etc.
Yellowhawk Annual Workplan objective #2 (of 7) - Workforce Development “create a culturally competent, highly engaged, and sustainable workforce.”
World Health Organization: “the history and context are critical to understanding the current status of a people.”

4. What is Cultural Acclimation?
Thought exercise:
What if…all current Yellowhawk, were asked to deploy to a far away country…to help relieve over a century of health disparities, in an unknown people?
What would we like (or need) to know about the people we are about to serve? Group Brainstorm.
Acclimate (a verb):
To become ‘accustomed’ to a new climate or to new conditions (Umatilla Indian Reservation); goal is not “competence”
Respond physiologically, or behaviorally to a change in a single environmental factor (serving AI/AN patients, particularly)

5. Ice Breaker “the name game”
Please share the origins of your
first, middle & last names
***
Thank you for sharing 
Let’s take a quick break before we start
the powerpoint presentation

6. Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation
A snapshot of our history, our government and our current activities

7. Indian Country over the years

8. Indian Country over the years

9. What is…Sovereignty? Synonyms for: Definition of:
Independent, Autonomous, Dominion, Rule, Authority
Self-Determination;
Self-Sufficiency
Definition of:
1a : supreme power esp. over a politically organized unit
b : freedom from outside control
c : the condition of being sovereign or a sovereign
2 : one (as a country) that is sovereign

10. What is a…Treaty? Synonyms for: Definition of: Examples:
Agreement, Contract, Accord, Pact, Compact, Truce
Settlement, Handshakes…others?
Definition of:
a contract in writing between two or more political authorities (as states or sovereigns) formally signed by duly authorized representatives & ratified by the lawmaking authority of the state
Examples:
Treaty of Paris (1783) – 13 colonies declare its desire for independence from Britain, ends the Revolutionary War
NATO - North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949) mutual defense pact among U.S., Canada, and ten Western European allies
Kyoto Accords (1997) international climate change; U.S. did not sign

11. Typical Treaty Provisions
Indians agree to relinquish (cede) traditional lands
Rights were “reserved” by, not given to tribes
to access traditional resources still retained in the ceded area (of northeastern Oregon and southeastern Washington)
– “usual and accustomed areas”
U.S. promises to create federally-protected land (reservations) to protect tribal people & resources
-- “trust responsibility”; “independent, dependent nation”
Negotiations made for medical care, housing, food rations, farming equipment, schooling, a mill, etc…

12. Treaty Confirmation
The United States Constitution authorizes only the President…to enter into treaties on behalf of the U.S. -- subject to Senate confirmation
CTUIR negotiated a treaty with the U.S. in June of 1855
Oregon Territory: Joel Palmer, Superintendent
Washington Territory: Isaac Stevens
CTUIR treaty confirmed by Senate in a few months before Oregon was admitted as a State into the Union
County of Umatilla (1862); City of Pendleton (1880)

13. CTUIR Treaty - 1855 Peace treaty, not a war treaty
intended to open up land for non-Indian settlers
Brought together the Cayuse, Umatilla and Walla Walla tribes (who traditionally lived in different areas)
Also formed the Yakama & Nez Perce reservations in WA, ID
Ceded 6.4 million acres
Reserved 510,000 acres for the Umatilla Reservation
Surveyed - 245,000 acres
Currently - 172,000 acres

14. Revised

15. CTUIR Aboriginal Lands also known as our Ceded Territory
also represents
our traditional
Seasonal Round
the route we would
travel to in order
to gather our
First Foods

16. Federal Indian Policy …a timeline
Pre-1800s: Extermination and Colonization
Early 1800s: Lewis & Clark; Oregon trail
: Removal Act, Treaties & Reservations
: Indian Wars
1887: The Dawes Allotment Act
1924: Snyder Act – Natives become citizens
1934: Indian Reorganization Act
1953: Termination Policy
1974: Self-Determination (NAHASDA); grants
1978: Indian Child Welfare Act

17. 1949 Constitution & By-Laws
Created our modern form of government
General Council
elected democracy
voting membership = enrolled & age 18+
Board of Trustees
a 9 member governing body
elected by the General Council every two years

18. Our Tribal Membership
Currently: 3,057 Tribal Members ~ 30% are children under age 18
~ 15% are elders over age 55
About half (1/2) live on or near the Reservation

19. Enrollment Office
The Enrollment office processes enrollment applications, relinquishments, issues Certification of Indian Blood (CIB), Tribal Identification Cards, and traces family genealogy.
In addition, this office maintains records of Tribal members and their addresses for mailings and announcements as well as demographic information of tribal members and reservation residents for numerous uses by other departments and outside agencies.
The Enrollment office also administers several Tribal member benefits including the quarterly gaming distribution, minors gaming trust accounts, elders pension and SSI plans, and burial assistance plan.
Under Department of Administration

20. Government-to-Government
Emphasis on government-to-government relationships at all levels (federal, state, tribal, county, and city)
Negotiate, not litigate approach
Actively involved in Oregon Legislative Commission on Indian Services
Active in U.S. Congress, Oregon, and Washington State Legislatures

21. CTUIR Tribal Government Today
Three branches of government:
Legislative: Board of Trustees – create policy
Judicial: Department of Justice, Office of Legal Counsel, Prosecutor, Public Defender
Executive: Executive Director, Deputy Director – and staff implement policies

23. General Council Chairman
Board of Trustees
Responsible for managing an overall $227 million operating budget, targeted to provide essential social services, natural resource protection, education & economic development..
Gary Burke
Chairman
N. Kathryn Brigham
Secretary
Jeremy Wolf
Vice-Chairman
Doris Wheeler
Treasurer
William Sigo IV
General Council Chairman
Rosenda Shippentower
At Large Member
Woodrow Star
At Large Member
Sally Kosey
At Large Member
Aaron Ashley
At Large Member

24. Bill Johnson
Judge
Tribal Court
Exercises criminal jurisdiction for all misdemeanor crimes committed by Indians
Exercises exclusive jurisdiction over claims arising from CTUIR statutes (zoning, enrollment, fish and wildlife, water codes, etc.)
PL shared jurisdiction with state courts re: contracts, tort liability and domestic relations
Chief Judge: William Johnson, CTUIR member, graduate of the University of Oregon Law School and a member of the Oregon State Bar

25. Self Governance
Eric Quaempts
Interim Executive Director

26. How Decisions Get Made Advisory Committees
provide policy advice to the Board and tribal staff regarding a particular subject area or the work of a particular tribal department or program.
They also educate outside groups about established tribal policy within their subject area.
The Board creates advisory committees by passing individual resolutions for each. Each resolution describes the subject matter of the committee and the staff who are expected to work with the committee.
Committees are governed by the Advisory Committee Code, which describes their internal procedures.
There are six (6) advisory committees:
Cultural Resources Committee
Economic and Community Development Committee
Education and Training Committee
Land Acquisition Committee
Law and Order Committee
Science and Technology Committee

27. How Decisions Get Made Regulatory Commissions
are delegated authority by the Board to exercise governmental power in a particular subject area.
Types of power exercised by regulatory commissions include the power to enact regulations, conduct hearings, issue permits and impose fines.
The Board has enacted individual statutes that define the subject area and scope of authority of each regulatory commission.
There are eight (8) regulatory commissions:
Election Commission
Fish & Wildlife Commission
Gaming Commission
Natural Resources Commission
Tax Commission
Tribal Employment Rights Office Commission
Water Commission
Enrollment Commission

28. How Decisions Get Made Board of Directors
Boards of Directors were created by the Board of Trustees, to run particular enterprises or service agencies of Tribal government.
They function like boards of directors of private companies or non-profit groups. These boards of directors can exercise powers like hiring staff, running their own budgets, contracting in their own name, and in some cases, filing lawsuits.
Current boards:
Housing Commission (operates the Umatilla Reservation Housing Authority)
Health Commission (operates the Yellowhawk Tribal Health Clinic)
Tribal Farm Committee (directs the activities of the Tribal Farm Enterprise).

29. Our Work Force ~ 447 employed within Tribal government
~ 844 Wildhorse Resort & Casino
~ 230 Cayuse Technologies
~ 146 Yellowhawk Tribal Health
Total Workforce of ~1,667 employees:
428 (26%) members of the CTUIR
175 (11%) members of other tribes
1,045 (63%) are non-Native
Over $40 million annual payroll
Largest employer east of the Cascades (CTUIR Annual Report 2016)

30. Economic Diversification
Grain Elevator
Wildhorse Resort & Casino
opened in 1994
Tamástslikt Cultural Institute
Hotel, golf course, RV park
Arrowhead Travel Plaza
Wanapa Energy Center
Indian Lake Recreation Area
Mission Market
Farm Enterprise
Tribal Environmental Recovery Facility
Land Acquisition Program

31. Economic Diversification
Cayuse Technologies
software development, call center, document imaging, executive support services
Wind energy
(turbine farm) located near Arlington, Or.
Coyote Business Park:
Kenworth Sales & Truck Repair
DaVita Dialysis Center
U.S. Forest Service
Dairy Queen & Subway
Wellness Wave
Leasing available
South side infrastructure

32. Coyote Business Park

33. Expansion of Community Services
Attention to social issues: child protection, elders, veterans, alcohol and drug abuse, meth, public safety
Yellowhawk Tribal Health Center - new 60,000 sq ft clinic – construction underway; expected to open March 2018
Community radio station (KCUW) on air since Feb 2004
Regional public bus service – Kayak
New transit center building
Nixyáawii Governance Center (NGC) completed in late 2009.
Master Education Facility in 2019

34. Education Achievements
Nixyáawii Community School (a public, charter high school) opened Aug. 2004; expand to 6-8th
Language preservation program in place since 1995 – recently published Umatilla dictionary
After School programs
Year-round recreation & summer programs
Truancy officers, tutoring, in-school counseling
Higher Education scholarship opportunities

35. Housing Trends
Trends indicate more housing opportunities needed for middle-income earners
(many Tribal members no longer qualify for low income housing, HUD requirements)
Home ownership counseling
Tribal members learning how to avoid predatory lending; understanding laws that protect their rights as consumers; how to calculate lower interest rates when it comes to automobiles and credit cards… toward the overall goal of purchasing their 1st home. 

36. Natural Resources
Successful restoration of salmon in the Umatilla river basin after 70-year absence
worked with local irrigators to revive fish populations and keep water for agricultural needs
project was recognized nationally by Harvard University’s Honoring Nations program, 2002
Walla Walla river basin project currently in progress
First Foods Natural Resource Management Plan

37. Sharing with our neighbors
Wildhorse Foundation:
established in 2001 as the charitable arm of the CTUIR and Wildhorse Resort & Casino
quarterly awards average $315,000
has donated over $5 million to local non-profit organizations in a four county area
CAPECO, churches, parks, youth groups, libraries, fire depts, Red Cross museums, rodeos, school programs…

38. Taking us into the 21st century…
Strong Leadership
Partnerships with our neighbors
Coalitions with other tribes
Caring for our tribal members, staff, and
reservation residents
Learning from the past
Carrying on our traditions
Planning for the future

40. Health Commission:
Since 1996 Yellowhawk has been a tribally-governed & operated facility.
The CTUIR Board of Trustees established the Health Commission to provide policy oversight for funding & programs received from the federal government.
The Health Commission promulgates rules and regulations subject to Board of Trustee approval.
Comprised of CTUIR community members.
Medical Services include: outpatient medical, dental, mental health, alcohol / drug treatment, and aftercare programs. Also offers pharmacy services, medical laboratory, radiology and A&D prevention programs. Optometry, Audiology and Physical Therapy services expected to be on-board by end of 2018.
Community Health Services include: Public Health Nursing, CHW/R Services, WIC / Nutrition, Health Education, before and after-school youth programs, medical transports, Senior Meals and Caregiver services.

41. Health Commission Members:
Shawna Gavin-Shillal Chair
Martina Gordon Vice Chair
Susan Sheoships Secretary
Bob Shippentower Member
Aaron Hines Member
Patty Hall Member (Myrna pictured)
Rosenda Shippentower BOT Representative

42. 2018 Funding Sources

43. Under-funded…even in 2013
*In the 2003 version of this graph, spending for a single federal prisoner was ($3,803).

44. “from a traditional Indian perspective, mental and physical health are not separate, and in fact, are closely connected. Health is generally defined as a balance of mind, body, and spirit…and illness results when there is an imbalance in any of these areas”
~ Yvette Roubideaux
Director of the Indian Health Service, an agency within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Source: Primary Care of Native American Patients – Diagnosis, Therapy, and Epidemiology. Galloway, Goldberg and Alpert. Ortho-McNeil Pharmaceutical, Inc © - pages

45. Cross-Cultural Considerations…
Direct eye contact is common, but not required
Handshakes (when a hand is extended to someone) is a touching of hands, as opposed to a firm grip handshake
Inter-generational traumas; sharing crowded households
May point directionally with lips, and not with their fingers and arms
Family decisions regarding health matters are common place
Use of the sweathouse & Longhouse for holistic healing

46. Resources Yellowhawk Tribal Health Center www.yellowhawk.org
Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation
Northwest Portland Area Indian Health Board (NPAIHB)
Indian Health Services (IHS)
National Indian Health Board (NIHB)

47. Q & A

48. Presented by Lindsey X. Watchman Workforce Development Manager
(541)