1. Middle East Geography

2. Silt - small particles of rich soil
Alluvial Plain -area built up by rich fertile soil left by river floods
Silt - small particles of rich soil

3. Sedimentary Rock- type of rock formed when layer of sediment, or dirt from the ocean floor, are compressed together and harden
Refineries- facilities that turn petroleum into gasoline and other products

4. Scarcity – Shortness of supply.
Steppe - partly dry grassland often found on the edges of a desert.

5. Nomad - person who lives by moving from place to place to follow herds of migrating animals that they hunt or to lead herds of grazing animals to fresh pasture

6. Irrigation - process of collecting water and distributing it to crops
Dry Farming - agriculture that conserves water and uses crops and growing methods suited to semiarid environments
Irrigation - process of collecting water and distributing it to crops

7. Rationing - making a resource available in limited amounts
Aquifer - underground layer of rock through which water flows
Rationing - making a resource available in limited amounts

8. Desalinization - process of treating seawater to remove salts and minerals and make it drinkable

9. Polytheism - belief in more than one god
Monotheism - belief in one god

10. Theocracy - form of government in which the leader claims to rule on behalf of a god

11. Covenant - agreement
Prophet - messenger of God

12. Anti-Semitism - hostility or discrimination against Jews because of their religion or race
Caliphs - successor to Muhammad

13. Terrorism - violence used against the people or government in the hopes of winning political goals

14. Wadi
Dry riverbed that fills with water when rare rain falls in desert

15. Qanat
Underground tunnel constructed to move water from the ground to a village below