1. Won JANG Univ. of Wisconsin at Eau Claire A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF AMERICAN AND CHINA COVERAGE OF CLIMATE TALKS, 2007-12 I CARE Source: http://www.cop19.gov.pl/i-care Edward Frederick Univ. of Wisconsin at Whitewater

2. RESEARCH PROBLEM Source: Google image

3. common but differentiated responsibilities principle RESEARCH PROBLEM (CONTD) victim and cause

4. How to bring China/India on board Which countries should mitigate (funding mitigation) and how much should be mitigated RESEARCH PROBLEM (CONTD)

5. This study presented descriptive analysis of climate talks coverage in the United States and China and compared how media framing has been used differently in their news stories from 2007-2012. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES Authoritarian environmentalism Participatory environmentalism

6. Media Propaganda Model Dominant Ideology National Interest Journalistic Ideology Media Agenda: News Agencies Media Framing: "how to think about it" Public Agenda: what to think about

7. This study uses a quantitative content analysis in terms of the amount, key themes, source, news geography, and types (localized & mobilizing information) in the news of climate talks. 6 RESEARCH QUESTIONS

8. Sample UN Climate Talks (UNFCCC*: COP** 13-18) Key words: climate change, global warming, or greenhouse, greenhouse gas (GHG), greenhouse effect, or CO2 673 stories were analyzed: Xinhua (N =424) and AP (249). METHODS *UN Framework Convention on Climate Change Treaty ** Conferences of the Parties/Meeting of Parties of the Kyoto Protocol (MOP)

9. Measures Frames/Themes (Brossard, Shanahan, & McComas, 2004) absence (0) to outstanding focus (2) Sources (Brossard, Shanahan, & McComas, 2004) Localized & Mobilizing information (Cohen et al., 2008) absent (0) or present (1) News geography (Giffard & Leuven, 2008; de Beer & Merrill (2009)) METHOD

10. RESULTS IPCC report NCCP* in China Copenhagen Accord US/China clashed at Tianjin talks! *National Climate Change Program in 2007

11. RESULTS R2: How is it covered in terms of climate change themes?

12. RESULTS R3: Are there differences with respect to information source use patterns on the issue of climate change?

13. RESULTS R4: Is there a difference with respect to how frequently climate change stories mention geographic regions?

14. Climate change stories in the Xinhua (n=290, 68.4%) were more likely to include localized information than were stories in the AP (n=154, 61.8%). But this difference was NOT significant. RESULTS R5: Is there a difference with respect to how frequently climate change stories include localized information?

15. Climate change stories in AP (n=35, 14.1%) were more likely to include personal behavior mobilization information than were stories in the Xinhua (n=51, 12.0%). This difference was NOT significant. RESULTS R6: Is there a difference with respect to how frequently climate change stories include personally mobilizing information?

16. The story of the climate talks is told in different ways in different countries. Media Propaganda Model Differences found in the amount and nature of climate talks coverage, specifically themes, sources used, and news geography for readers (media agenda). DISCUSSION

17. Integration of Environmentalism and Economics Themes Sources Uncertainty and debate (controversy) in climate change coverage Sources used Themes (discussion of science) DISCUSSION

18. The geographic regions from which reports are filed can be an important factor in what perspectives are made part of public discourse. Developed and Developing countries Both agencies tailor climate talks stories to their audiences (e.g., Asian and American) and integrate information that is localized. Limited number of personal behavior mobilization information Both agencies do not facilitate citizen's political participation among the readers. DISCUSSION

19. Limitations The Online full-text database vs. Hard Copy Content analysis Future studies need to expand this work to investigate news framing in a cross-cultural and an international context in more detail using more aspects of content. Future research could move forward to examining how media coverage of this controversial issue has influenced the publics perceptions of and support for policy. DISCUSSION

20. Public Policy Model + Public Opinion Research authoritarian environmentalism (top-down policy): concentrates authority in a few executive agencies manned by capable and uncorrupt elites seeking to improve environmental outcomes. participatory environmentalism: spreads authority across several levels and agencies of government, including representative legislatures, and that encourages direct public participation from a wide cross-section of society IMPLICATIONS/FUTURE STUDIES Gilley (2012)

21. END