1. WHI: SOL 3a-e Mesopotamia
Early River Valley Civilizations

2. Akkad
Sargon-ruler of Akkad, conquered and invaded neighboring city-states (2300 b.c.e.)
1st empire in history- empire a group of cities or states controlled by one ruler
After Sargon’s death the empire was conquered and fell

4. Babylon
1790 b.c.e Hammurabi King of Babylon brought most of the Sumerian region under his control
Known for Code of Hammurabi
Established set of laws
1st to codify a set of laws- codify to arrange and set down in writing
Code dealt with civil law (private matters-business, property, divorce, marriage, taxes, etc.)
Code also dealt with criminal law (offenses against others-murder, robbery, assault)

7. Hittites Moved out of Asia Minor in 1400 b.c.
**brought knowledge of how to extract (get out) iron from ore
Tools and weapons made of iron were harder, had sharper edges than those of bronze or copper
After their empire collapsed, ironsmiths travelled and spread the knowledge to Asia, Africa, and Europe
Ushered in Iron Age**

9. Assyria Among most feared warriors in history Conquered many regions
Well-ordered society
Extensive library
Extreme wealth for royals

11. New Babylon(Chaldea) Nebuchadnezzar- rebuilt the city of Babylon
85 ft. high walls, large moat
Hanging Gardens of Babylon (once one of the 7 wonders of the world)
Rebuilt a magnificent ziggurat

13. Phoenicians Located along the eastern Mediterranean Sea Sea traders
Traded glass (made from sand) and purple dye for tin and European goods
Established colonies in N. Africa, Sicily, and Spain
“Carriers of civilization” created an alphabet based on sound (i.e. Phonics, phonetic)

15. Israel(Judaism) Origins
Abraham (founder) made a covenant (a promise or agreement) with God
Moses led the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt, gave them the 10 Commandments
Jerusalem main city, part of the “promised land” of Canaan, rebuilt by Solomon captured by various empires over time, still disputed

17. Israel Beliefs, traditions, and customs Belief in one God (monotheism)
Torah, which contains the written records and beliefs of the Jews
Ten Commandments, which state moral and religious conduct
Patriarchal, men hold greatest legal and moral authority

19. Israel Spread of Judaism Exile- to force out
Diaspora- the spreading of the Jewish people all over the world