1. Basics of CAD Ahto KALJA Department of Computer Engineering/
Department of Software
Science
Masinprojekteerimine * A.Kalja * Arvutitehnika instituut

2. 1. A.Kalja, T.Tiidemann, E.Tõugu. Masin-
CAD referencies:
1. A.Kalja, T.Tiidemann, E.Tõugu. Masin-
projekteerimine. Tallinn, Valgus, 1991, 105 lk.
2. A. Saxena, B. Sahay. Computer Aided
Engineering Design. Springer, 2005, 394 p.
3. Dean L. Taylor. Computer-Aided Design.
Addison-Wesley, 1992, 492 p. 4. 5.
6. Eds. J. Gero and F. Sudweeks. Artificial Intelligence in Design ‘96. Kluwer Academic
Publishers, 1996, Dordrecht, 782 p.
7. Sixth International Conference on Design
Computing and Cognition (DCC'14 or DCC14)
8. Electronic magazine Computer-Aided Design
Masinprojekteerimise alused * A. Kalja * Arvutitehnika instituut

3. CAD
1. Definitions
CAD, in broadest sense, is the use of computers for the design work
CAD, in the narrower sense, is any object or process
project automated preparation using a computer
CAD Computer Aided Design
CAM Computer Aided Manufacturing
CAD/CAM
CAE Computer Aided Engineering
CAT C A Testing
CAP C A Planning
CAIIP
Masinprojekteerimine * A.Kalja * Arvutitehnika instituut

4. Domains of CAD
Masinprojekteerimine * A.Kalja * Arvutitehnika instituut

5. Masinprojekteerimine * A.Kalja * Arvutitehnika instituut

6. General structure of a CAD system
Dialog
Computer graphics
Data base
Main program
Basic software
Hardware
Software
General structure of a CAD system
Masinprojekteerimine * A.Kalja * Arvutitehnika instituut

7. . . . Classification of CAD systems A) Public CAD system
B) One user sytem
. . .
C) Local area network of a CAD system
Classification of CAD systems
Masinprojekteerimine * A.Kalja * Arvutitehnika instituut

8. calculation record keeping visualization
Optimization
calculation
Spreadsheets
Simulation
Finite
Element
Method
record
keeping
visualization
Geometry
Algebraic
Manipulation
Graphics
Relationship among CAD applications
and aspects of computation
Masinprojekteerimine * A.Kalja * Arvutitehnika instituut

9. Masinprojekteerimine * A.Kalja * Arvutitehnika instituut

10. Learn about the unique features
                                                                                                          
Learn about the unique features of NEi Nastran with this 90-second overview. [Watch video]
NEi Nastran Demo Video
Learn about the unique features
of NEi Nastran with this 90-second overview. [Watch video]
Masinprojekteerimine * A.Kalja * Arvutitehnika instituut

11. 2. Methods 2.1 Designing Technical proposal Rough plan
Technical project
Documentation
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12. 1626, 1628, …,1961, …, 1988,…
Masinprojekteerimine * A.Kalja * Arvutitehnika instituut

13. How Vasa was built
The work on Vasa was led by a Dutchman, Henrik Hybertsson, an experienced shipwright. In this period, Dutch ships were not built from drawings, instead the shipwright was given the overall dimensions and used proportions and rules of thumb based on his own experience to produce a ship with good sailing qualities.
Masinprojekteerimine * A.Kalja * Arvutitehnika instituut

14. Steps of design Design problem Functional design Functional schema
Principle schema
Detail
design
Project-
documentation
Steps of design
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15. Start Design problem setting End Assessment and problem adjustment
Analysis
Synthesis
Modeling
Design cycle
Masinprojekteerimine * A.Kalja * Arvutitehnika instituut

16. We take a look the concept „modeling“ in
broader sence, which also includes the
preparation of models
Modeling problems
static dynamic
problems
of continuous
processes
problems
of discrete
processes
Problems of statistical processes
According to the equations:
- Models with functional dependencies
- Models with ordinary differential equations
- Models with partial derrivatives differ. equations
Example: shaftneck
neck:
d:num
l:num
mass:num
mass=pi*7.83*d*d*l/4*106
Masinprojekteerimine * A.Kalja * Arvutitehnika instituut

17. all.mass->mass(sum) all.length->length(sum)
Descript. of a shaft:
shaft:
mass:num
length:num
all.mass->mass(sum)
all.length->length(sum)
Description of a shaft with 3 necks: v:
A1:neck d=28, l=30
A2:neck d=40
A3:neck d=30, l=40
copy shaft
Possible calculations:
- ?A1.mass
- ?A3.mass
- length:=125
?A2.L
- A2.L:=55
?A2.mass
? length
?mass
? mass
Masinprojekteerimine * A.Kalja * Arvutitehnika instituut

18. neck l d
shaft 40 28 30
30 ? ?
A1 A A3
Masinprojekteerimine * A.Kalja * Arvutitehnika instituut

19. Porche 911 Turbo 3d model for 3ds Max in high quality for exterior
visualizations, entourages, car 3d modelings and renders.
Free for download.
Name: Porche 911 Turbo 3d model.
Collection: Cars and vehicles 3d models set.
3D Format: .obj, .max – 3ds Max models.
Textures: .tga, .mlt, all maps are included.

20. Let x be the set of projected object parameters.
2.3 Optimization
Let x be the set of projected object parameters.
To maximize f (x), varying x-i in the domain S, where
f (x) is the objective function, expresses kindness,
productivity, ...
To minimize g (x), varying x-i in the domain S, where
g (x) is the objective function, expresses the cost of
mass, consumed capacity or other.
g(x)=-f(x)
restrict inequalities hi(x)>0; i=1,2,…,n
S equalities vj(x)=0; j=1,2,…,m
Example: rectangular cross-section of the pipe
Find the maximum surface, x1 and x2 are the sides,
Restrictions x1>=c ja x2>=c i.e.
none of the side should not be too short
2(x1+ x2)<=c1 i.e.
circumference of the pipe should not be too big
,where c ja c1 are constances
Maximize the value of x1*x2, varying vector (x1, x2)
in the domain, which has been given by
x1-c>=0, x2-c>=0 ja c1-2(x1+x2)>=0
Masinprojekteerimine * A.Kalja * Arvutitehnika instituut

21. Hyperbole, which touch to the area S, due to the
Solution:
Hyperbole, which touch to the area S, due to the
symmetry of the solution is x1 = x2,
so 2 (x1 + x2) = c1
x1=x2=c1/4
Finding min. material cost 2 (x1 + x2) restricting surface value x1x2>=(c1/4)2
Minimizing the x1 + x2 value, varying a vector (x1, x2) in the domain, which is given by
x1-c>=0, x2-c>=0 ja x1x2-c12/16>=0
Solution: is here too : x1=x2=c1/4
Masinprojekteerimine * A.Kalja * Arvutitehnika instituut

22. x1 x2
Pipe

23. Examples of the optimizations
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24. Masinprojekteerimine * A.Kalja * Arvutitehnika instituut