1. Sensation and Perception4
Sensation and Perception

2. Sensation: Receiving Messages About the World
Sensation and Perception
Sensation: Receiving Messages About the World
Sensation- the process of receiving, translating, and transmitting messages from the outside world to the brain.
Sense organs- see, hear, taste, smell, touch, balance, and experience the world
Sensory receptor cells transmit sensation

3. Translating Messages for the Brain
Sensation and Perception
Translating Messages for the Brain
Transduction – translates one form of energy (incoming stimuli) into another (sensory information)

4. Sensory Limits: How Strong Must Messages Be?
Sensation and Perception
Sensory Limits: How Strong Must Messages Be?
Threshold – lower limits
Absolute threshold – smallest to be detected
Difference threshold – smallest difference between 2 stimuli to be detected 50% of time
Sensory adaptation – one’s sensitivity to a stimulus varies from time to time

5. Sensory Thresholds Vision Hearing Taste Smell Touch
A candle flame seen at 30 mi. on a clear, dark night
Vision
The tick of a watch under quiet conditions at 20 ft.
Hearing
One teaspoon of sugar in 2 gallons of water
Taste
1 drop of perfume diffused into the entire volume of a 3 room apartment
Smell
The wing of a bee falling on your cheek from a height of 1 cm
Touch

6. Perception: Interpreting Sensory Messages
Sensation and Perception
Perception: Interpreting Sensory Messages
Perception- the process of organizing and interpreting information received from the outside world.
Visual Perceptual organization
Figure-ground Similarity
Continuity Closure
Proximity

7. Laws of Perceptual Organization
Figure-Ground

8. Laws of Perceptual Organization
Law of Proximity
Law of Continuity

9. Laws of Perceptual Organization
Law of Similarity
Law of Closure

10. Perception: Interpreting Sensory Messages
Sensation and Perception
Perception: Interpreting Sensory Messages
Perceptual Constancy
Brightness constancy
Color constancy
Size constancy
Shape constancy

11. The retina has a two-dimensional surface.
Sensation and Perception
Depth Perception
The retina has a two-dimensional surface.
Monocular cues - perception with one eye
Texture gradient
Linear perspective
Superposition
Shadowing
Speed of movement
Aerial perspective
Accommodation
Vertical position

12. Depth Perception Binocular cues – perception with two eyes Convergence
Sensation and Perception
Depth Perception
Binocular cues – perception with two eyes
Convergence
Retinal disparity

13. Visual Illusions p. 148-151 The Ponzo Illusion
The Müller - Lyer Illusion
Which line appears longer? Most think the top line is longer. The lines are of equal length.

14. Color Perception Perceived color based on the surrounding stimuli
Page 151

15. Multisensory Integration
Sensation and Perception
Multisensory Integration
Integrate and interpret information from multiple senses simultaneously
Limited ability and accident occurrence
Motivation, Emotion, and Perception
Motivation and emotions influence perception
Past experiences influence all perceptions