1. 1 a. The oscillations of the particles in a longitudinal wave are
parallel to the direction in which the waves transfer energy.
In a transverse wave they are oscillating perpendicular to the
direction in which the waves are moving.

2. 1 b. i) waves in strings or electromagnetic waves are examples of
transverse waves
ii) A sound wave is an example of a longitudinal wave.
1c. The air particles at a point of compression in a sound wave are
being squashed together.

4. 2. a. Waves sent along a rope
are transverse.
2. b. i
Energy is transferred along the rope.
2. b. ii
The knot moves perpendicular to the direction of travel of the wave.

5. Longitudinal waves are demonstrated by shaking the slinky coils in the same ( parallel ) direction as the slinky.
Transverse waves are demonstrated by shaking the coils perpendicular to the slinky spring.

6. Waves on a pond are probably mainly transverse as the ball
will be seen to oscillate up and down
However, if the ball moves backwards and forwards as well, then both transverse and longitudinal waves are working together .