1. Recovery and Rehabilitation
Hazards Planning and Risk Management
Lecture No. 12
Disaster Management Cycle
Recovery and Rehabilitation
Fall 2017
US – Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Water

2. Learning Outcomes
After this lecture, the students will be able to;
Know – about the disaster risk management phases of recovery
Identify - suitable disaster recovery measures

3. Response vs. Recovery
There is usually an overlap of disaster response and recovery work
Response is implemented during and in the immediate aftermath of a disaster to save lives and meet basic subsistence needs (immediate and short term needs)
The main objective of recovery phase is restoring and improving people’s former living conditions (in longer terms)
Also provides ‘window of opportunity’
Early recovery, rehab and reconstruction
Source: Cities, Disaster Risk and Adaptation By Christine Wamsler

4. Recovery Rebuilding, reconstruction, repair of the damages
Function by which communities and individual repair, reconstruct or regain what has been lost as a result of a disaster
Recovery measures should also reduce the risk in future
Requires special skills, equipment, resources and personnel
Recovery period follows the emergency phase of a disaster
Make things functional again.
The recovery process requires balancing the more immediate need to return the community to normalcy with the longer-term goal of reducing future vulnerability.
Like response, recovery also is performed within constraint time setting !!!

5. Recovery ---conti
Often begins in the initial hours and days following a disaster event and can continue for months or years, depending on the severity of the event
Recovery function has such long-lasting effects and usually high costs
Participants include all levels of government, military, the business community, political leadership, community activists, and individuals
Unique to each community and depends on the extend of the damages and available resources to cope

6. Recovery Model
Source: E. J. Peters 2010

7. Actions and Activities
Ongoing communication with public
Provision of temporary houses or long term shelter
Assessment of damages and needs
Inspection of damaged structures
Demolition of damaged structures
Clearance, removal and disposal of debris
Repair of damaged structures
Source: Coppola

8. Actions and Activities
Rehabilitation of structures
New construction
Social rehabilitation programs
Creation of employment opportunities
Reimbursement for property losses
Rehabilitation of the injured
Reassessment of hazard risk
Source: Coppola

9. Pre-Disaster Recovery Actions
Hypothetical and focusing on broad goals than on specific action and procedures
Sometimes referred as “Pre-Event Planning for Post- Event Recovery (PEPPER)”
Can reduce the risk of haphazard rebuilding
Broad goal Example: Reduce vulnerability to electric transmission wires”

10. Pre-Disaster Recovery Actions
Examples:
Site selection for long term temporary houses
Site selection for temporary business activity
Site selection for disposal of debris
Emergency needs assessment
Volunteers and donation management
Mitigation measures and secondary hazard reduction measures
Name of contractors, coordination mechanisms,

11. Short Term Recovery Restores vital services and systems
Immediate and overlaps with response
Actions
Restoring interrupted utility and other essential services (roads cleared)
Reestablishing transportation routes
Providing food and shelter for those displaced by the incident
Although called “ short term, ” some of these activities may last for weeks.
It may be considered as a transitional phase between (i) immediate relief and (ii) more major, long-term reconstruction and the pursuit of ongoing development.
Basic services and functions are restored,
Providing food and shelter to the effected people
Providing essential public health and safety services

12. Role of GIS in Short Term Recovery
A GIS can play an important role in short-term recovery efforts.
Damage assessment: one of the most difficult jobs in a disaster
Visual status maps (can be viewed form remote locations): damaged facility, type and amount of damage, number of shelters needed and where they should be located for reasonable access, areas where services have been restored in order to quickly reallocate recovery work to other priority tasks, etc.
Source:

13. Long Term Recovery Restores all services to normal or better condition
both the personal lives of individuals and the livelihood of the community
May involve some of the same actions as of short term
Permanent construction or replacement of severely damaged physical structures
Full restoration of all services and local infrastructure, and the revitalization of the economy
May continue for a number of months or years depending upon the severity of the damages
Example: Complete redevelopment of damaged areas
Look for American Planning Association entitled Planning for Post-Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction .
Long-term recovery (replacement of homes, water systems, streets, hospitals, bridges, schools, etc.) can take
several years.

14. Role of GIS in Long Term Recover
Long-term plans and progress can be displayed and tracked utilizing GIS
Mapping how and where funds are allocated on GIS

15. Post Disaster Long Term Recovery Planning
Planning before the next disaster strikes
It provides the following benefits
Identifies the most vulnerable areas of the community
Accelerates approval of federal funding for rebuilding in the post disaster environment
Anticipates/compensates for regulatory and environmental requirements for rebuilding
Minimizes economic and social disruption to the community
Maximizes post-disaster funding in the public and private sectors
Coppola
Promotes a favorable climate for municipal bond and insurance portfolios

16. What is Needed for Good Documentation
Take pictures of damages and repairs (supplement from private citizens)
Take notes on damages and repairs (write or take notes into a tape recorder and transcribe later)
Clip and file newspaper reports and stories (if possible get video footage from the TV stations)
Record all expenditures carefully with all receipts and invoices
Make sure anyone acting on behalf of the jurisdiction does the same
Source: Introduction to Disaster Management: Virtual University for Small States of the Commonwealth (VUSSC)
Disaster Management
Version 1.0

17. Source: FEMA: http://training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/downloads/is1_Unit6.pdf

18. Disasters as Opportunities for Development Initiatives
With a disaster comes disruption and tragedy, but in the aftermath comes opportunity!
Disasters almost always present a window of opportunity to rebuild old, ineffective structures and develop policy and practice in a way that leaves behind a more empowered, resilient community.
This is an ideal time to implement new mitigation measures so that the community is better prepared to deal with future threats and does not leave itself vulnerable to the same setbacks as before.
Reconstructions after a disaster should be carried out so that they are better than before a disaster

19. Disasters can highlight particular areas of vulnerability
Political environment may favor a much higher rate of economic and social change than before, in areas such as land reform, new job training, housing improvements, and restructuring of the economic base
Emergency lending for post-disaster investment may be used for restructuring of the economy as a result of a disaster
Disasters can be a vehicle for major development programs. The political impact of damage and disruption can be a real catalyst for change.

20. Damage Assessment
Pic sources:

21. Preliminary Damage Assessment
Estimates of the expenses and damages
Amount and type of damage (number of homes destroyed or with major damage)
Impact on the infrastructure of affected areas or critical facilities
Imminent threats to public health and safety

22. Preliminary Damage Assessment
Impacts to essential government services and functions
Dispersion or concentration of damage
Assistance available from other sources (federal, local, voluntary organizations)
Etc.

23. Damage Assessment and Reporting
Planning: systematic planning for conducting following tasks
What/how information to be collected, timeframe and extent
Data Collection and Verification
Data Analysis: what is important in terms of response

24. Damage Assessment and Reporting
Forecasting: estimates on how the disaster will propagate and predict future potential problems
Reporting: sending this information to the relevant users in a timely manner
Monitoring: updated assessment with the changing emergency situation

25. UNISDR Terminologies Recovery
The restoring or improving of livelihoods and health, as well as economic, physical, social, cultural and environmental assets, systems and activities, of a disaster-affected community or society, aligning with the principles of sustainable development and “build back better”, to avoid or reduce future disaster risk.
Rehabilitation
The restoration of basic services and facilities for the functioning of a community or a society affected by a disaster.

26. Questions?