1. Drugs for Anxiety and Insomnia Ch.14

2. Prototype Drugs Antidepressants Benzodiazepines
Escitalopram (Lexapro)
Benzodiazepines
Lorazepam (Ativan)
Nonbensodiazepine, nonbarbiturate, CNS depressants
Zolpidem (Ambien)

3. 2 AREAS OF THE BRAIN AFFECTED
Limbic System –middle of brain
Emotional expression, learning, memory
Recticular Activating System (RAS)
Help focus attention on individual task
Sleeping and wakefulness

4. Anxiety
State of apprehension, tension, or uneasiness that stems from the anticipation of danger, the source of which is largely unknown or unrecognized

5. Anxiety Disorders
Situational anxiety
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
Panic disorder
Phobias
Social anxiety
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Post-traumatic stress disorder

6. Short-term or behavioral insomnia attributed to stress
Condition characterized by patient inability to fall asleep or remain asleep
Short-term or behavioral insomnia attributed to stress
Long-term insomnia often caused by depression, manic disorders, chronic pain
Insomnia

7. Nonpharmacologic Therapies to Cope with Anxiety and Insomina
No Medications:
May Help To:
Cognitive behavioral therapy
Counseling
Meditation
Change the way one thinks
Uncover root causes of anxiety

8. Other Classifications
Sedatives –sedate or relax
Hypnotics –induce sleep
Sedative-hypnotic -
Tranquilizer –calm, tranquil feeling

9. Classes of Medications Used to Treat Anxiety and Sleep Disorders
Antidepressants frequently used to treat anxiety (SSRIs, MAOIs, TCAs)
Benzodiazepines (LORAZEPAM)
Barbiturates (LUMINAL)
Nonbarbiturates/Nonbenzodiazepines (ZOLPIDEM)

10. Other Classes of Medications Used to Treat Anxiety
Antidepressants
Antiseizure
Drugs for Emotional and Mood Disorders
Antihypertensives
Antidysryhthmics

11. Assessment Reason for drug Monitoring vital signs
Cautions and contraindications
Possible drug interactions

12. Planning Client will Experience therapeutic effects depending on drug
Be free of adverse effects
Demonstrate understanding of the drug’s activity
Accurately describe drug side effects and precautions
Demonstrate proper self-administration technique

13. Interventions and rationales Administration of drug
Implementing
Evaluating
Interventions and rationales
Administration of drug
Observing for adverse effects
Client education and discharge planning
Effectiveness of drug therapy
Evaluate the achievement of goals and expected outcomes

14. Prototype Drugs
Escitalopram Oxalate (Lexapro)
Lorazepam (Ativan)
Zolpidem (Ambien)