1. The genetic basis and analysis of simply inherited traits:
PBG430/530
Plant Genetics
The genetic basis and analysis of simply inherited traits:
Examples including domestication, economic impact, +,+,+
Phenomena particularly important in plants:
Examples including self-incompatibility, polyploidy , +,+,+
Genetics tools for manipulating plants (and other organisms):
Examples including linkage mapping, genome sequencing, GMOs, CRISPR-CAS9, epigenetics, +,+,+

2. Barley domestication traits, the genes, and the mechanisms
Locus/alleles
Phenotype
Mechanism
Btr1,Btr2
Shattering/retention
Loss of function deletions
Vrs1
2-row/6-row
Nud
Hull adherence
Vrn1, Vrn2, Vrn3
Growth habit
Loss of function deletions
Ppd1, Ppd2
Flowering time
Pourkheirandish et al., 2015

3. ~758 Mb (the haploid (n) genome size, by convention)
Economic impact and GMO:
Hybrid sugarbeet seed production in the Willamette Valley of
Oregon - gene flow with organic table beet
(Greg Loberg West Coast Beet Seed)
Beta vulgaris
2n = 2x = 18
~758 Mb (the haploid (n) genome size, by convention)

4. Sugarbeet seed production in the Willamette Valley – 2017
(ACH seeds)
(Harris seed )
Sugarbeet seed production in the Willamette Valley – 2017
~ 90+% Roundup Ready
~ $2,000/acre (gross)
Controlling gene flow to organic table beet
Spatial separation and pinning
RR sugarbeet - females only
For more on sugarbeet seed production see CSS450/460

6. Phenotype: susceptible
Seed production:
Blue = male
Red = female
Seed production:
Blue = male
Red = female
Genotype: RR
Phenotype: resistant
Genotype: 00
Phenotype: susceptible
Pair of homologous chromosomes
Each missing R gene
Showing only 1 pair of the 9 pairs
of chromosomes (2n = 2x = 18)
Pair of homologous chromosomes
Each has R gene
Showing only 1 pair of the 9 pairs
of chromosomes (2n = 2x = 18)

7. R R
The “R”* locus (same position on each homologous chromosome)
2 copies of the R gene; each copy is one allele
The R locus (same position on each
homologous chromosome)
2 copies of the absence of the R gene;
each copy is one allele
More on the transgene conferring resistance to glyphosate

8. meiosis
meiosis R R
Male
gamete R
Female
gamete

9. select a resistant type (if you want); R0
All F1 progeny plants are R0
Resistant (R is dominant to 0) R RR R0 00
F2 plants
3 Resistant: 1 susceptible
1 RR: 2 R0: 1 00
RR, Rr:
select a resistant type (if you want);
deal with gene flow (if you have to)

10. Phenomena: Polyploidy
Diploid (2n = 2x) to polyploid (2n = _x) - all in the wheat “family”
VAVA
VAVAVBVB
VAVAVBVBVDVD
2n = 2x = 14
30,000 genes
Emmer wheat
2n = 4x = 28
60,000 genes
Durum wheat
2n = 6x = 42
90,000 genes
Bread wheat
1 pair homologous chromosomes
0 sets of homoeologous chromosomes AA
2 pairs of homologous chromosomes
2 sets of homoeologous chromosomes
AABB
3 pairs of homologous chromosomes
3 sets of homoeologous chromosomes
AABBDD
A A B B
A A
A A B B D D

11. Ploidy does not equal horsepower2X 8X
Ploidy does not equal horsepower

12. Genetics tools: CRISPR-CAS9
Clustered Regularly Interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats
Genome editing: delete/add/modify genes
Target gene sequence and information
Cas 9 nuclease enzyme
Guide RNA (gRNA)
A technical explanation (optional for now):
An overview from an inventor (required):

13. Genetics tools: CRISPR-CAS9
A Naked (Barley) Promise?
Golden Promise barley
With a Nud gene knock-out
Taketa et al., 2008