1. Sam Taggart and Rachel Larson
Inca Civilization
Sam Taggart and Rachel Larson

2. Origin and Background
The Inca civilization flourished in between 1400 and 1533 CE, The empire extended across western South America as the largest empire ever seen in the Americas and the largest in the world at that time.
The Inca origin story states they come from the sun god Inti, they regarded themselves as the chosen few, the 'Children of the Sun', and the Inca ruler was Inti's representative on earth.
The empire consisted of 12 million inhabitants from more than 100 different ethnic groups at its peak.
Well organized agricultural and roadway systems, along with a centralized religion and various dialects of the same official language Quechuan, helped maintain a cohesive state.

3. Geography
The Inca Empire centered in what is now Peru, but was also present in Ecuador, Chile, Bolivia, Argentina, and Colombia.
The Empire focused in the Andean mountain range included the coastline deserts, and the Amazon jungle.
Natural barriers
The rough terrain led to an advanced and extensive road network along with innovative agriculture.
Network of bridges
Cuzco was the religious and administrative centre of the empire and had a population of up to 150,000 at its peak.
Food storage

4. Politics
It was a monarchy ruled by a single leader called the Sapa Inca. Which means "sole ruler"
The Inca Empire worked as a federalist system consisting of a central government with the Inca king at its head.
Cuzco was likely not organized as a province. It was probably somewhat akin to a modern federal district, like Washington, D.C The city sat at the center of the four Inca provinces and served as the center of politics and religion.
Taxpayers were male heads of household of a certain age age who were organized into labor units that often doubled as military units that formed the state's power
Known as the "Square of the warrior" in the Inca era, this plaza has been the scene of several important events, such as the proclamation by Francisco Pizarro in the conquest of Cuzco.

5. Religion
Many ancient Andean peoples traced their origins to ancestral deities. Multiple clans often shared similar ancestral origins. The inca claiming descent from the Sun and the Moon, their Father and Mother
The Inca practice of human sacrifice, mainly used children. Child sacrifices were performed during or after important events, such as the death of the Sapa Inca (emperor) or during a famine.
The Inca attempted to combine their deities with conquered ones in ways that raised the status of their own.
Machu Picchu is a 15th-century Inca citadel situated on a mountain ridge outside Cuzco. The Incas built the estate around 1450 but abandoned it a century later at the time of the Spanish Conquest.

6. Arts and Technology Quipu
Local communities were also expected to help build and maintain such imperial projects as the road system which stretched across the empire.
To keep track of all these statistics, the Inca used the quipu, a sophisticated assembly of knots and strings which was also highly transportable and could record decimals up to 10,000.
They had calendars that were strongly tied to astronomy
In a culture without a written language, ceramics portrayed the basic scenes of everyday life, including the smelting of metals, relationships and scenes of tribal warfare.

7. Inca Civil War and Spanish Conquest

8. Inca Descendants
The descendants of the Inca are the present-day Quechua-speaking peasants of the Andes, who constitute perhaps 45 percent of the population of Peru.
They combine farming and herding with simple traditional technology
Towns are centres of mestizo (mixed-blood) population.

9. Questions Do you think all civilizations ultimately "collapse"?
How do the influences of the Inca on human and physical geographic factors continue to impact South America today?

10. Sources https://tatianaabcde.weebly.com/map-of-the-inca-empire.html
The rise and fall of the Inca Empire - Gordon McEwan