1. MUSCULAR SYSTEM

2. INTRODUCTION OVER 600 MUSCLES MAKE UP THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
MUSCLES ARE MADE OF BUNDLES OF MUSCLE FIBERS THAT ARE HELD TOGETHER BY CONNECTIVE TISSUE

3. WHEN THE MUSCLE FIBERS ARE STIMULATED BY NERVES,THEY CONTRACT
WHEN MUSCLES CONTRACT THEY BECOME SHORT AND THICK
CONTRACTION CAUSES MOVEMENT

4. THREE KINDS OF MUSCLES
CARDIAC

5. CARDIAC MUSCLES FORMS THE WALL OF THE HEART
CONTRACTS TO CIRCULATE BLOOD
IS AN INVOLUNTAY MUSCLE: FUNCTIONS WITHOUT CONSCIOUS THOUGHT OR CONTROL

6. VISCERAL OR SMOOTH

7. SMOOTH MUSCLES
FOUND IN THE INTERNAL ORGANS OF THE BODY SUCH AS THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM, RESPIRATORY SYSTEM, BLOOD VESSELS, AND EYES
CONTACTS TO CAUSE MOVEMENT IN THESE SYSTEMS
INVOLUNTARY: FUNCTION WITHOUT CONSCIOUS THOUGHT OR CONTROL

8. SKELETAL

9. SKELETAL MUSCLES ATTACHED TO BONES CAUSES BODY MOVEMENT
VOLUNTARY: PERSON HAS CONTROL OVER THESE ACTIONS

10. FUNCTIONS OF SKELETAL MUSCLES
ATTACH TO BONES TO PROVIDE VOLUNTARY MOVEMENT
DURING CONTRACTION, THEY PRODUCE HEAT AND ENERGY
HELP MAINTAIN POSTURE
SOME PROTECT INTERNAL ORGANS

11. METHODS OF ATTACHMENT TO BONES

12. TENDON STRONG, TOUGH CONNECTIVE TISSUE CORD
EXAMPLES: ACHILLES TENDON, WHICH ATTACHES THE GASTROCNEMIUS MUSCLE ON THE CALF OF THE LEG TO THE HEEL BONE

14. FASCIA TOUGH, SHEETLIKE MEMBRANE COVERS AND PROTECTS THE TISSUE
EXAMPLE: LUMBODORSAL FASCIA, WHICH SURROUNDS THE DEEP MUSCLES OF THE TRUNK AND BACK.

16. ORIGIN AND INSERTION
WHEN MUSCLES ATTACH TO BONES, ONE END BECOMES ORIGIN AND ONE END BECOMES INSERTION
ORIGIN: END THAT DOES NOT MOVE
INSERTION: END THAT MOVES WHEN MUSCLE CONTRACTS

17. Naming of muscles Shape, arrangement of fibers
Deltoid, orbicularis oris
Location, origins/insertions
Pectoralis major
Size
Latissimus dorsi
Action
Flexor carpi ulnaris

18. ACTIONS OR MOVEMENTS OF MUSCLES
ADDUCTION: MOVING A BODY PART TOWARD THE MIDLINE
ABDUCTION: MOVING A BODY PART AWAY FROM THE MIDLINE
FLEXION: DECREASING THE ANGLE BETWEEN TWO BONES OR BENDING A BODY PART

19. EXTENSION: INCREASING THE ANGLE BETWEEN TWO BONES OR STRAIGHTENING A BODY PART
ROTATION: A CIRCULAR MOTION THAT TURNS A BODY PART ON ITS AXIS

20. Types of Contractions isotonic – muscle contracts and changes length
concentric – shortening contraction
isometric – muscle contracts but does not change length
eccentric – lengthening contraction
9-24

21. MUSCLE TONE
MUSCLES ARE PARTIALLY CONTRACTED AT ALL TIMES EVEN THOUGH THEY MAY NOT BE IN USE
THIS STATE OF PARTIAL CONTRACTION IS CALLED MUSCLE TONE
ALSO DESCRIBED AS A STATE OF READINESS TO ACT

22. LOSS OF MUSCLE TONE CAN OCCUR IN SEVERE ILLNESS SUCH AS PARALYSIS
WHEN MUSCLES ARE NOT USED FOR A LONG PERIOD OF TIME, THEY CAN ATROPHY OR WASTE AWAY
LACK OF USE CAN ALSO RESULT IN A CONTRACTURE

23. CONTRACTURE SEVERE TIGHTENING OF A FLEXOR MUSCLE
RESULTS IN A BENDINGOF A JOINT
FOOT IS A COMMON CONTRACTURE
FINGERS, WRISTS AND KNEES, AS WELL AS OTHER JOINTS, CAN BE AFFECTED

25. MUSCLE SPASMS OR CRAMPS
SUDDEN, PAINFUL, INVOLUNTARY CONTRACTIONS OF MUSCLES
USUALLY OCCURS IN LEGS OR FEET
MAY RESULT FROM OVER EXERTION, LOW ELECTROLYTE LEVELS, OR POOR CIRCULATION
USE GENTLE PRESSURE AND STRETCHING TO RELIEVE SPASM

26. STRAIN OVERSTRETCHING OR INJURY TO A MUSCLE AND/OR TENDONS
FREQUENT SITES INCLUDE THE BACK, ARMS, AND LEGS
PROLONGED OR SUDDEN MUSCLE EXERTION IS USUALLY CAUSE

27. SYMPTOMS
MYALGIA OR MUSCLE PAIN
SWELLING
LIMITED MOVEMENT

28. TREATMENT REST AND ELEVATION OF EXTREMITY
MUSCLE RELAXANTS OR PAIN MEDICATIONS
ALTERNATING HEAT AND COLD APPLICATIONS

29. Muscles of the Shoulder and Back
9-40

30. Muscles of the Anterior Chest and Abdominal Wall
9-41

32. Muscles of the Shoulder and Arm
9-44

33. Muscles of the Abdominal Wall
9-51

34. Muscles of the Thigh and Leg
9-58

35. Muscles of the Leg
9-63