1. Software System Integration
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2. Chapter 8 Software testing
Overview
What is system integration?
Integration process description
Integration testing
System Integration Checklist
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3. By the end of this session, you will..
Understand the importance and role of system integration
Understand the system integration process
Understand what is top-down and bottom-up integration
Understand what should be done before and during system integration
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4. What is system integration?
System integration is the successful putting together of the various components, assemblies, and subsystems of a system and having them work together to perform what the system was intended to do.
Successful system integration results from the proper implementation of project activities
Deployment
Requirements
Design
Coding and unit Testing
Integration & test
Acceptance
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5. Integration process planning
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6. System integration process (1)
Integration is iterative and progressive, with each level of integration building from and on top of the previous level of integration
Integration and testing are part of the development process and are used to ensure all the various pieces work together in performing their higher-level functions.
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7. System integration process (2)
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8. Chapter 8 Software testing
Interfaces (1)
Complete Knowledge of all interfaces is essential to any integration effort.
This includes interfaces between :
components,
assemblies,
subsystems,
and also the system and other systems it needs to work with.
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9. Chapter 8 Software testing
Interfaces (2)
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10. Complete system integration(1)
Most systems consist of both hardware and software. These two are sometimes looked at as complete systems in and of themselves, but they cannot function independently of each other
There are two other system elements: people and support systems that are also part of the complete system.
For a system to be successfully implemented and used, all these elements must be in place and functioning correctly
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11. Complete system integration(2)
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12. Chapter 8 Software testing
Integration testing
Integration testing involves building a system from its components and testing it for problems that arise from component interactions.
integration testing is nothing but checking the correctness of data flow or interfaces between two or more modules.
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13. Activity: real time Integration testing
In Gmail, how to test the integration between “Compose” and “sent items” modules???
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14. Integration testing strategies:
Several different strategies can be used for integration testing.
Comparison criteria:
fault localization
effort needed (for stubs and drivers)
degree of testing of modules achieved
possibility for parallel development
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15. Integration testing strategies:
Initial approach: “Big Bang”: In big bang Integration testing, individual modules of the programs are not integrated until every thing is ready. This approach is seen mostly in inexperienced programmers who rely on 'Run it and see' approach.
Incremental integration
Top-down integration: In this approach testing is conducted from main module to sub module. if the sub module is not developed a temporary program called STUB is used for simulate the sub module.
Bottom-up integration: In this approach testing is conducted from sub module to main module, if the main module is not developed a temporary program called DRIVERS is used to simulate the main module.
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16. Chapter 8 Software testing
Big Bang approach
Non-incremental strategy
Unit test each module in isolation
Integrate as a whole
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17. Example: Big Bang integration
test A
test B
test C
test
A,B, C, D
E, F, G
test D
test E
test F
test G
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18. Chapter 8 Software testing
Big Bang approach
Advantages
Convenient for small systems
Disadvantages
Integration testing can only begin when all modules are ready
Fault localization difficult
Easy to miss interface faults
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19. Top-down Integration Algorithm
Use Main control module as a test driver and substitute all modules that are directly subordinate to it by stubs.
Depending on the integration approach selected (depth first or breadth first), choose a stub and replace it by a real module.
Tests are conducted after replacement of a stub by a real module.
While there exist stubs in the system, go to step 2(loop)
Stop when the whole system structure is built and no stubs remain.
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20. Example: Top down Integration
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21. Top-down Integration testing approach
Advantages
Fault localization easier
Few or no drivers needed
Possibility to obtain an early prototype
Different order of testing/implementation possible
Major design flaws found first
in logic modules on top of the hierarchy
Disadvantages
Need lot of stubs / mock objects
Potentially reusable modules (in bottom of the hierarchy) can be inadequately tested
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22. Bottom-up Integration Algorithm
Construct drivers for low level modules.
Execute and test each driver separately.
Remove drivers and combine modules moving upward into clusters that perform a specific software sub- function. When the main module is reached go to 5)
Construct a driver per cluster. Go to 2)
Stop when the whole system structure is built and no drivers remain.
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23. Example: Bottom-up Integration
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24. Bottom-up Integration
Advantages
Fault localization easier (than big-bang)
No need for stubs / fewer mock objects
Logic modules tested thoroughly
Testing can be in parallel with implementation
Disadvantages
Need drivers
High-level modules (that relate to the solution logic) tested in the last (and least)
No concept of early skeletal system
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25. System integration checklist Before starting
Do your test plans include and support integration efforts?
Does your development plan allocate adequate time and resources for system integration efforts, including rework time?
Are the interfaces between components, assemblies, subsystems, and systems defined in adequate detail?
Will hardware be available for testing software during integration?
Is there a contingency plan if the schedule slips and if the integration schedule is compressed?
Are all elements of the system included in the integration plan?
Is all documentation current and available for reference?
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26. System integration checklist During integration (1)
Is there an efficient rework cycle in place to fix problems found during integration testing?
Are “fixed” modules or components integrated and retested at all levels of integration up to the level where the problem was found?
Is the people element (operators, maintainers, logisticians, trainers, etc.) being prepared to work with the system when it is deployed?
Is the support systems element (logistics, maintenance, training, etc.) being prepared to support the new system when it is deployed?
Are you following an iterative, progressive integration process?
Are experienced integrators involved with the integration?
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27. System integration checklist During integration (2)
Are area/subject matter experts involved with the integration?
Is adequate time being allowed for integration, testing, rework, reintegration, and retesting?
Are all necessary resources being made available for integration?
Is adequate testing being performed on integrated units (assemblies, subsystems, elements, system) to ensure that there are no surprises during acceptance testing?
Are you updating documentation during rework?
Are integration and system test errors being traced back to requirements and design? And if so, are the requirements and design being updated?
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28. Chapter 8 Software testing
References
Guide to Software Engineering Body of Knowledge, especially Appendix D:
NASA Systems Engineering Handbook:
Software Engineering Institute:
System Engineering Fundamentals, 2001, Defense Acquisition University, download at:
Chapter 8 Software testing