1. Today’s goals Introduce citations and works cited pages
Discuss how to write more formally
Continue working to draft a web article as a class

2. Class discussion- citations
Why do we use citations?
What are the two types of citations that occur in an essay?
What is the purpose of a works cited page?

3. Works cited page
Your Works Cited page should include a detailed description of each source you used and where it can be found (directions on the following slides)
Should read “Works Cited” centered at the top. No italics, bold, or underlining of the text are necessary
Each source entry should be added on a new line
Use a hanging indent for all source entries
This has no indent on the first line of the source but all subsequent lines are indented
Hanging indents can be found under paragraph settings in Microsoft Word

4. Works Cited Page Books: Edition and editors are only used if necessary
Author Lastname, Firstname. Title of Book. Edition of book. Editors. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Medium of Publication.
Ex: Whittaker, James. Blogs: The New Journals. 2nd ed. Ed. Colleen O’Malley. New York: Penguin, Print.
Edition and editors are only used if necessary
If two or three authors are used, list all of them. However, if three or more authors are used, you list the first author followed by “et al.”
Ex: Whittaker, James, and Marie Munroe.
Ex: Whittaker, James, et al.

5. Works Cited Page Newspapers:
Author Lastname, Firstname. "Title of Article." Title of Periodical Day Month Year: pages. Medium of publication.
Ex: Poniewozik, James. "TV Makes a Too-Close Call." Time 20 Nov. 2000: Print.
Periodicals
Author Lastname, Firstname. "Title of Article." Title of Periodical Volume.Issue (Year):pages. Database (if applicable). Medium of publication. Date of access (if accessed online)
Example: Duvall, John N. "The (Super)Marketplace of Images: Television as Unmediated Mediation in DeLillo's White Noise." Arizona Quarterly 50.3 (1994): JSTOR. Web. 5 Apr
Most of the peer reviewed articles from the library databases will fall into this format

6. Works Cited Page Electronic Sources
Author Lastname, Firstname. “Title of Article” (if applicable). Title of Website. Version numbers or revisions. Publisher or Company, Date of Publication. Web. Date of access.
Ex: Bernstein, Mark. "10 Tips on Writing the Living Web." A List Apart: For People Who Make Websites. A List Apart Mag., 16 Aug Web. 4 May 2009.
Remember to use n.p. if no publisher name is available and n.d. if no publishing date is given.
URLs are no longer required
Websites can be some of the most difficult to cite due to formatting concerns and lack of relevant information

7. homework Works Cited page
Create a works cited page for your WTI essay that details the two sources you will be using in proper MLA citation
Due Tuesday 3-7
Worth a quiz grade

8. Class discussion- formality in writing
What is formality?
Why/when do we need to be formal in our writing?
How might formal language/strategies be different between these three different genres: a peer reviewed research report, a persuasive essay, a podcast, and a business letter?
What are strategies for making your writing more formal?

9. Formality in writing Formality is gradable
You may need to be more or less formal in a particular context
To determine level of formality, consider rhetorical context:
What is my purpose?
Who is my audience?
What are the expectations of this genre?

10. Formality in writing General formal writing strategies
Make your writing clear, structured, and detailed
Avoid 1st and 2nd person
Use titles where appropriate
Use complex and discipline specific language
Avoid figurative language and idioms
Edit thoroughly
Use passive voice for maximum objectivity (particularly in research writing)
Avoid absolutes/use qualifiers
Avoid contractions (in very formal writing)
Follow prescriptive grammar rules (covered in ENC1101)

11. Formality in writing Make your writing clear, structured, and detailed
Keep writing focused on your thesis
Avoid ambiguous pronoun usage (particularly in your thesis)
Have clear transitions and forecasting
Use details and examples to illustrate and support your points
Avoid 1st and 2nd person
“I think the government should intervene to stop global warming”
“After reviewing this evidence, you will feel compelled to increase gun laws”

12. Formality in writing Use titles where appropriate
Very important in business and academic contexts
Address others, particularly superiors, with the titles of their position or credentials
Avoid colloquial address terms (bro, girl, dude, etc)
Sir, miss, or ma’am may be used where necessary
Avoid figurative language and idioms
“Research like this is a dime a dozen”

13. Formality in writing
Use passive voice for maximum objectivity (in research writing)
“I performed the experiment” vs.
“The experiment was performed”
Avoid contractions (in very formal writing)
Avoid absolutes/use qualifiers
“The government must provide healthcare to all of its citizens”
“The study showed that playing video games will increase aggressive behavior”

14. Group activity- editing for formality
In your unit 2 groups
Edit the following sentences to make them more formal and any other editing concerns you notice
1. I believe Dr. Erikson’s theory can’t be disproved.
2. The government must legalize medical marijuana; it’s the best treatment for epilepsy.
3. Changing things in the experiment didn’t effect the results much.
4. Hello! I am responding to your request for a temp. worker. You may have noticed my resume
5. I took all night to finish the experment.

15. Class discussion- writing style
What is writing style?
What elements make up writing style?
What are some examples of distinct writing styles?
What kind of writing styles do you prefer to read? To write?
How would you describe the writing style of your chosen publication?

16. Writing style 4 main elements of writing style
Ways of shaping sentences
There will always be variation in sentence structure, but overall are the sentences longer or shorter? Simple or complex?
Word choice
Is the writing’s vocabulary simple or complex? Does it use abstract or concrete language? Is the language specific to a discipline or easy enough for laypeople to read?
Voice
Is it written in 1st, 2nd, or 3rd person? Is the writer an expert or layperson?
Tone:
What is the writer’s attitude toward the subject matter? Are they humorous or serious? Detached or personal?

17. Group activity- analyzing differences in style
In your unit 2 groups
Read “Passage from a Scholarly Journal” and Passage from a Popular Magazine” on page 51 in A&B and answer questions 1-4
How would you describe the length and complexity of the sentences in each passage?
How would you describe the word choice and complexity of vocabulary in each passage?
How would you describe the author’s tone in each passage?
Based on questions 1-3, who would you say is the intended audience of each piece?

18. Group activity- article introduction
In your unit 2 groups
Listen to the current event information shared by each group about our topic. Then as a group work together to create the beginning of an introduction for our web article
What is the thesis or main idea of our article?
How can we grab the readers’ attention about our topic?
Draft a 4-6 sentence introduction for our web article that includes a hook, thesis, and a lead strategy.

19. homework Works Cited page Bring computers to class on Tuesday
WTI Draft 1
150+ words
Should include your thesis and hook
Make sure to quote any information you take directly from your sources