1. AFPC Policy
Protect its personnel, contractors,3rd parties and the environment against the hazards of exposure to ionizing radiation due to AFPC activities.
Avoid uncontrolled releases of radioactive contaminated substances and to minimize the effects of past deposits
apply the principles of ICRP 60 for radiation protection ( justification of a practice, optimization of protection and dose & risk limitation)
avoid the need for classified radiological workers wherever reasonably practicable
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2. Clean up of NORM contaminated areas
Radiological surveys have identified AFPC areas which have become contaminated with NORM.
AFPC procedure is applicable to all AFPC activities to decontaminate NORM affected areas.
define standards and ensure availability of resources for decontamination.
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3. Clean up of NORM contamination areas
Typical clean up activities shall be controlled by a defined work methodology:
A detailed execution plan
Proposed clean up criteria
Special measures
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4. NORM in Oil and Gas Industry
Releases of radioactivity with produced water
Radioactive surface contamination on production equipment
Radioactive sludges
Radioactive scales
Radioactive surface contamination on disused equipment
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5. 11/24/2018

6. NORM Remediation Programme
All NORM contaminated areas have been extensively investigated by SAEC.
As the Syrian regulatory body, SAEC stated the preferred options for the permanent management of NORM contaminated waste
The final option has been supported by the external consultants AEA technology.
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7. Main Concept
to have all NORM Remediation projects integrated into a larger Programme of environmental remediation.
The AFPC Programme is designed to meet regulatory requirements and International Standards to acceptable levels at reasonable cost.
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8. Syrian Clean-up and Disposal Criteria for NORM contaminated soils:
At 0.15 Bq/g of Ra226 or less no treatment required.
More than 5.2 Bq/g of Ra226 must be treated as radioactive waste.
Between 0.15Bq/g and 5.2 Bq/g of Ra226 need a special treatment on site to reduce exposure to a value 0.1 mSv/y.
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9. The final option following recommendations by SAEC and
AEA Technology, AFPC preferred route for
three NORM contaminated areas is
engineered disposal mounds, while disposal
the fourth is by stabilization in a landfill.
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10. Requirements for engineered mound disposal facilities
Provide isolation of the waste from the surrounding environment
Inhibit surface water infiltration into the waste
Inhibit erosion of the cover over the waste
Maintain a separation between the waste and the ground water
Promote the drainage of water that infiltrates the wast out of the waste
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11. Requirements for engineered mound disposal facilities
inhibit human and animal intrusion through the cover into the waste
Maintain stability under foreseen subsurface and geologic condition
the site for a dedicated facility should above flood - plain levels
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14. Requirements for engineered mound disposal facilities
The facility should be able to cope with major events(flood,earthquake,and fire) on a time-scale of > 200 years.
Performance requirements during construction use of reasonably available materials and machinery
Optimization of waste movement and keeping radiation dose to workers ALARA
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15. Engineered Disposal Pits
All contaminated materials excavated and removed to disposal pit
Co-disposal of sludge ; encapsulation
Lined pits
Perimeter ditch
Coarse rock buttress
Clean soil
Top liner
1.0 m
1.5 m
3.0 m
5 m
10 m
Lower liner
NORM soil
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16. Thayyem: channel / sludge materials removed to disposal pit
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18. El-Ward: lagoon materials removed to disposal pit NW of plant
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