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Leaf Presentations Review Material
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Step 1: Tree Type When identifying trees, you will need to determine whether they are conifers or deciduous trees. --Gymnosperms are a taxonomic class that includes plants whose seeds are not enclosed in an ovule (like a pine cone). Gymnosperm means as "naked seed". This group is often referred to as softwoods. Gymnosperms usually have needles that stay green throughout the year. Examples are pines, cedars, spruces and firs. Some gymnosperms do drop their leaves - ginkgo, dawn redwood, and baldcypress, to name a few.
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Conifer Examples
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Tree Type Angiosperms are a taxonomic class of plants in which the mature seed is surrounded by the ovule (think of an apple). This group is often referred to as hardwoods. Angiosperms are trees have broad leaves that usually change color and die every autumn. Oaks, maples and dogwoods are examples of deciduous trees. Some angiosperms that hold their leaves include rhododendron, live oak, and sweetbay magnolia.
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Angiosperm
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Step 2: Branching Pattern
Leaves either grow on opposite or alternate sides of a twig. If they are growing on opposite sides of a twig, there is a very good chance that the tree is a maple, ash or dogwood. Buds will also be on opposite or alternate sides of a twig. This is very helpful during winter tree identification
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Mad Dog Chases a Buckeye!
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Leaf Parts Major parts we need to know are Apex: tip of leaf
Petitole: Stalk Midrib(vein): Central Blade: expanded portion Stipule: A growth at base of petitole, leaves scars on the twig when dropped
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Simple Leaves have a single leaf blade.
Step 3: Leaf Types Individual leaves can also be classified as either simple or compound (several to many leaflets per leaf) Simple Leaves have a single leaf blade.
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Actually this type of compound is know as pinnately compound.
Step 3: Leaf Types Compound leaves have several leaflets attached to a midrib or rachis. The rachis is not particularly woody and no buds occur at the base of the leaflets. Actually this type of compound is know as pinnately compound.
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Step 4: Margins Leaf margins (the edge around the leaf) can have many different forms. When tiny to large coarse teeth are present along the margins it is said to be Serrate. Serrate comes in many forms such as fine, coarse, single, or double toothed but for us we’ll just define it as serrate.
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Step 4: Margins Other trees have lobed leaves; that is, the blade is divided into lobes by shallow to deep notches. The parts of the blade that extend from the leaf are called lobes the indentations are called sinuses. Sometimes Lobes and serrate come in combination too!
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Step 4: Margins If the margin of the leaf is smooth and unvaried the leaf is said to be entire.
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Step 5: Vein Patterns or Compound Patterns
The pattern the veins make in a leaf can described commonly as either; *Pinnate (arcuate) *Palmate Parallel Reticulate
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Step 5: Vein Patterns or Compound Patterns
For our purposes we’ll use only pinnate and palmate with arcuate falling under pinnate. Compound leaves fall under these descriptions too but all of our leaves will be pinnately compound.
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Step 6: Basic Leaf Shapes
Egg or Ovoid Elliptical or Oval Lanceolate
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Step 6: Basic Leaf Shapes
Feather Lobed or pinnately lobed Fan-lobed or Palmately Lobed Heart Shaped or Cordate
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Step 6: Basic Leaf Shapes
Narrow or linear Wedge or Obovate Acicular
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Step 6: Conifer Leaves Leaves can grow on conifers as either scales, single needles, or in groups called fascicles. Cedar leaves grow as scales. Spruces, firs, hemlocks as well as others grow single needles. Pines grow needles in fascicles. Remember the shape is usually considered acicular for the needles
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Step 6: Conifer Leaves Scales Single-Needle # needles per fascicle
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Dog Wood Margins - Entire Veination - Pinnate Type - Simple
Shape - Egg
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Loblolly Pine Needles in Cluster 3 Length 5-7 inches
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Red Bud Margins - Entire Venation - Palmate Type - Simple
Shape - Heart
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Willow Oak Margins - Entire Veination - Pinnate Type - Simple
Shape - narrow
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Walnut Margins - Serrate Veination - Pinnate Type - Pinnately compound
Shape - Oval
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Winged Elm Margins - Serrate Veination - Pinnate Type - Simple
Shape - Elliptical
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Sweet Gum Margins - Serrate and Lobed Veination - Palmate
Type - Simple Shape - Fan
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Eastern Red Cedar Scales
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Red Maple Margins - Serrate and Lobed Veination - Palmate
Type - Simple Shape - Fan
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Crape Myrtle Margins - Entire Veination - Pinnate Type - Simple
Shape - Elliptical
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White Oak Margins - lobed Venation - Pinnate Type - Simple
Shape - Feather
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American Beech Margins - Serrate Veination - Pinnate Type - Simple
Shape - Elliptical
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Tulip Poplar Margins - Lobed Veination - Pinnate Type - Simple
Shape - Fan
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Short Leaf Pine Needles to a cluster Two Size 3-5 inches
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Scarlet Oak Margins - Serrate and Lobed Veination - Pinnate
Type - Simple Shape - Feather
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American Holly Margins - Serrate Veination - Pinnate Type - Simple
Shape - Elliptical
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Black Cherry Tree Margins - Serrate Veination - Pinnate Type - Simple
Shape - oval
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Butternut, Sand Hickory
Margins - Serrate Veination - Pinnate Type - Pinnately Compound Shape - Elliptical
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Northern Red Oak Margins - Serrate and Lobed Veination - Pinnate
Type - Simple Shape - Feather
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Sourwood Margins - Serrate Veination - Pinnate Type - Simple
Shape - elliptical, narrow
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Water Oak Margins - Entire Veination - Pinnate Type - Simple
Shape - Wedge
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Southern Magnolia Margins - Entire Veination - Pinnate Type - Simple
Shape - narrow
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Black Gum Margins - Entire Veination - Pinnate Type - Simple
Shape – oval, Elliptical
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Ash Margins - Serrate Veination - Pinnate Type - pinnately compound
Shape - narrow
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Post Oak Margins - Lobed Veination - Pinnate Type - Simple
Shape - Feather
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Southern Red Oak Margins - Serrate and Lobed Veination - Pinnate
Type - Simple Shape - Feather
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White Pine Five needles to a cluster soft needles 3-5 inches long
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Southern Sugar Maple Margins - Serrate and Lobed Veination - Palmate
Type - Simple Shape - Fan
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Sycamore Margins - Serrate and Lobed Veination - Palmate Type - Simple
Shape - Fan
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Mimmosa Margins - Entire Veination - Pinnate
Type - Bipinnatelycompound Shape - narrow
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American Elm Margins - Serrate Veination - Pinnate Type - Simple
Shape - Elliptical
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River Birch Margins - Serrate Veination - Pinnate Type - Simple
Shape - egg, oval
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Black Oak Margins - Serrate and Lobed Veination - Pinnate
Type - Simple Shape - Feather Fuzzy Leaf
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Willow Tree Margins - Serrate Veination - Pinnate Type - Simple
Shape - narrow
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