1. Prayer to Saint Michael
Saint Michael, the Archangel, defend us in battle. Be our protection against the wickedness and snares of the devil. May God rebuke him, we humbly pray, and do thou, O prince of the heavenly hosts, by the power of God, thrust into hell Satan and all the evil spirits who prowl about the world seeking the ruin of souls. Amen.

2. Section 3: Middle Colonies

3. English Civil War Oliver Cromwell, a Puritan
Parliamentary forces (“Roundheads”) defeated royal forces, defeated the Royalist (“Cavaliers”) forces of King Charles I (who was executed)
Some Puritans in New England went to fight
Cromwell became Protector of the Commonwealth of England, head of new government

4. King Charles II Reigned 1660-1685
1658 – Cromwell died, Parliament brought back monarchy
Charles II, son of Charles I, became king in what is called the Restoration
1660 – England controlled New England in the North (MA, NH, CT, RI) and Maryland and Virginia in the South
1672 – Royal Declaration of Indulgence – religious freedom for non-Anglicans in England
Parliament made him withdraw it
1673 Test Act – all public servants must make oath of allegiance, of supremacy of monarch over Church of England, and deny transubstantiation and receive Anglican communion

5. The Dutch
1621 – Dutch West India company created trading posts along Hudson River
Grew into New Netherland
Main settlement – New Amsterdam (on Manhattan Island, bought in 1626 in exchange for beads)
New Amsterdam had a good seaport
Dutch West India Company encouraged new settlers by giving large estates (patroons) to those who brought at least 50 settlers to work the land
1655 – Dutch republic took over New Sweden during the Second Northern War ( ) in Europe

6. English Takeover 1664 – English sent a fleet to invade New Amsterdam
Governor Peter Stuyvesant ruled strictly & with heavy taxes
Unprepared and surrendered to English fleet

7. New York
King Charles II gave conquered colony to his brother, the Duke of York
Renamed colony New York
Proprietary colony – owner/proprietor owned all land and controlled the government
Duke allowed settlers freedom of religion and let them keep their property

8. Demographics & Government
Most inhabitants were Dutch, but others were German, Swedish, Native American, and Puritans from New England (as well as 300 African slaves)
Governor and council appointed by Duke of York
People demanded representative government like other colonies
1691 – English government allowed an elected legislature

9. New Jersey
Duke of York gave southern part of New York to Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret
Named colony New Jersey since Carteret was born on island of Jersey in the English Channel

10. Bring in the Settlers Proprietors offered:
Large tracts of land
Freedom of religion
Trial by jury
Representative assembly
New Jersey lacked one important thing:
A natural harbor. You could say it was im”port”ant to have.

11. Pennsylvania
1680 – wealthy English gentleman William Penn asked for land in America as payment for King Charles II’s debt to him
Pennsylvania almost size of England
Penn – Quaker (member of the Society of Friends)

12. Quakers
Quakers believed everyone had an “inner light” guiding him or her to salvation
Church services and officials unnecessary
Everyone equal in God’s sight (no slavery)
Pacifism – refused to use force or fight during wars
Pennsylvania provided Quakers with freedom from religious persecution

13. Pennsylvania Philadelphia – NOT the capital of Pennsylvania
Means “city of brotherly love”
1682, William Penn supervised building of city
Penn:
Wrote first PA constitution
Believed in paying for, rather than stealing, Native American land
1701 Charter of Liberties – colonists granted right to elect representatives to legislative assembly

14. Delaware
Southernmost part of Pennsylvania called the Three Lower Counties
settled by Swedes as New Sweden before being taken over by New Netherlands and later by the English
1704 – formed their own legislature and became their own colony

15. 1678 Test Act
All members of both houses of Parliament must reject prayer to the Saints, transubstantiation, and the Mass
Response to the “Popish Plot” – a made-up scheme of the papacy to replace King Charles II and take over England

16. Homework
No homework

17. Prayer to Saint Michael
Saint Michael, the Archangel, defend us in battle. Be our protection against the wickedness and snares of the devil. May God rebuke him, we humbly pray, and do thou, O prince of the heavenly hosts, by the power of God, thrust into hell Satan and all the evil spirits who prowl about the world seeking the ruin of souls. Amen.

18. Section 3 Assessment
1) Write a short paragraph in which you use the following key terms: patroon, proprietary colony, pacifist - Student work should reflect correct use of terms 2) What did the Charter of Liberties grant to Pennsylvania colonists? - The right to elect representatives to the legislative assembly 3) How did William Penn earn the respect of Native Americans? - He honored their claim to the land and believed settlers could pay for it

19. Section 3 Assessment
4) How was the Quaker religion different from that of the Puritans?
- Quakers had no formal church services or church officials, were tolerant of other religions, believed all people were equal, and were pacifists
5) Re-create the diagram below and describe how each of the Middle Colonies was governed.
6) Review the map on page 83. What is the title of the map?
- The Middle Colonies
What items are shown in the key?
- Grain, cattle, fish, lumber, rum, iron
What products were important to Pennsylvania?
- Grain, cattle, lumber, rum, iron
Colony
Type of Government
New York
Owned by proprietor, then elected legislature
New Jersey
Owned by proprietor, became royal colony, local laws still made by colonists
Pennsylvania
Elected representatives

20. Homework
Study

21. Prayer to Saint Michael
Saint Michael, the Archangel, defend us in battle. Be our protection against the wickedness and snares of the devil. May God rebuke him, we humbly pray, and do thou, O prince of the heavenly hosts, by the power of God, thrust into hell Satan and all the evil spirits who prowl about the world seeking the ruin of souls. Amen.