1. The Peripheral and Autonomic Nervous System
Chapter 9
The Peripheral and Autonomic Nervous System

2. Peripheral Nervous System
Nerves that connect the brain and spinal cord with sensory receptors, muscles, and glands
Two subcategories
Afferent peripheral system
Consists of afferent or sensory neurons that convey information
from receptors in the periphery of the body to the brain and
spinal cord
Efferent peripheral system
Consists of efferent or motor neurons that convey information
from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands

4. Efferent Peripheral System
Somatic nervous system
Autonomic nervous system
Sympathetic
Stimulates or speeds up activity and thus requires an energy
expenditure and uses norepinephrine as a neurotransmitter
Fight-or-Flight System
Parasympathetic
Most active under ordinary, relaxed conditions
Rest-and-Repose System (energy-conserving system)

5. Nerves Bundles of nerve fibers enclosed by connective tissue
Sensory or afferent nerves
Motor or efferent nerves
Mixed nerves

6. Cranial and Spinal Nerves
Part of the peripheral nervous system
12 pairs of cranial nerves
31 pairs of spinal nerves

7. Cranial Nerves I (Olfactory) II (Optic) III (Oculomotor)
IV (Trochlear)
V (Trigeminal)
VI (Abducens)
VII (Facial)
VIII (Vestibulocochlear)
IX (Glossopharyngeal)
X (Vagus)
XI (Spinal accessory)
XII (Hypoglossal)

9. Spinal Nerve Plexus Cervical plexus Brachial plexus Lumbar plexus
Sacral plexus

11. Autonomic Nervous System
Nerves, ganglia, and plexuses which carry impulses to all smooth muscle, secretory glands, and heart muscle
Two divisions
Sympathetic system
Parasympathetic system
Both are strongly influenced by emotion

13. Reflex Act Simplest type of nervous response
Unconscious and involuntary
Reflexive acts
Stimulus
Change in the environment
Receptors
Sensory nerve that receives a stimulus and transmits it to the CNS
Response
Reaction to a stimulus
Reflex actions, or autonomic reflexes, involving
the skeletal muscles are controlled by the spinal
cord

14. Biofeedback Measurement of physiological responses
Yields information about the relationships between the mind and the body
Can learn to manipulate these responses through mental activity