1. An Exercise In Metaphors
Elements of Poetry
An Exercise In Metaphors

2. What Is A Metaphor? You’re Ice cold Light of My Life Love is Blind
Winds of Change
Rolling in Dough
I Smell a Rat
What Is A Metaphor?
Apple of my eye
Let the Cat Out of the Bag
Heart of stone
The Sweet Smell of Success
The World Is a Stage…
Bite the Bullet

3. True Definition of Metaphors
Makes Comparisons Between
Two Unrelated Subjects
Expands the Sense
and Clarifies Meaning

4. Why are Metaphors Significant in Poetry?
Symbolism
Concise Language
Makes Language Livelier
Writers Use Them
Without Stating Obvious
Gives Words New Meaning

5. Figurative Language Metaphor Simile Personification Direct Metaphor
Implied Metaphor Simile
Simile
Personification

6. Metaphor Direct Metaphor Comparing two unlike objects or ideas
My love is a rose

7. Metaphor, Continued Indirect metaphor
- An indirect comparison between two unlike things.
“My love has a rosy bloom”

8. Simile A comparison using like or as
“Life is like a box of chocolates”

9. Personification Giving human qualities to an inanimate object
“The moon smiled down on the lovers”

10. Sound Techniques
Rhyme Scheme
Alliteration
Onomatopoeia

11. Rhyme Scheme
Heavy is my heart, A Dark are thine eyes B Thou and I must part A Ere the sun rise B

12. Rhyme Scheme- The pattern in which end rhyme occurs
• Example:
Continuous as the stars that shine (A) And twinkle on the milky way, (B)
They stretched in never-ending line (A) Along the margin of a bay: (B) Ten thousand saw I at a glance, (C)
Tossing their heads in sprightly dance. (C)

13. Alliteration Repetition of the initial consonant sound
“She sells seashells at the sea shore”

14. ALLITERATION Consonant sounds repeated at the beginnings of words
If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers, how many pickled peppers did Peter Piper pick?
Activity: Alliteration group game

15. Onomatopoeia
A word whose sound imitates its meaning

16. More onomatopoeia “The bee buzzed by my ear “
“The clock ticked down the final hour”
“The engine purred while awaiting the green light”

17. Stanza •A unit of lines grouped together •
•Similar to a paragraph in prose

18. Couplet-A stanza consisting of two lines that rhyme
Tercet - A stanza consisting of three lines
Quatrain - A stanza consisting of four lines
Cinquain - A stanza consisting of five lines
Sestet - A stanza consisting of six lines
Octet - A stanza consisting of eight lines

19. Mood- the feeling a poem creates for the reader
Tone - the attitude a poet takes toward his/her subject

20. Imagery
•Representation of the five senses: sight, taste, touch, sound, and smell
•Creates mental images about a poem’s subject
• Example: “Continuous as the stars that shine and twinkle on the milky way”

21. Symbol
•A word or object that has its own meaning and represents another word, object or idea •
• Example: The daffodils represent happiness and pleasure to the author.

22. Assonance
•The repetition of a vowel sound in two or more words in the line of a poem •
• Example: “Which is the bliss of solitude”

23. (All share the long “a” sound.)
ASSONANCE
Repeated VOWEL sounds in a line or lines of poetry.
(Often creates near rhyme.)
Lake Fate Base Fade
(All share the long “a” sound.)

24. ASSONANCE cont. Examples of ASSONANCE:
“Slow the low gradual moan came in the snowing.”
John Masefield
“Shall ever medicine thee to that sweet sleep.”
- William Shakespeare

25. CONSONANCE Similar to alliteration EXCEPT . . .
The repeated consonant sounds can be anywhere in the words
“silken, sad, uncertain, rustling . . “

26. “Always one rose grows through a littered lot of gravel”

27. Refrain
•The repetition of one or more phrases or lines at certain intervals, usually at the end of each stanza •Similar to the chorus in a song

28. Repetition •A word or phrase repeated within a line or stanza •
• Example: “gazed and gazed”

29. POINT OF VIEW IN POETRY POET The poet is the author of the poem.
SPEAKER
The speaker of the poem is the “narrator” of the poem.

30. POETRY FORM FORM - the appearance of the words on the page
LINE - a group of words together on one line of the poem
STANZA - a group of lines arranged together
A word is dead
When it is said,
Some say.
I say it just
Begins to live
That day.

31. FREE VERSE POETRY Does NOT have rhyme.
Free verse poetry is very conversational - sounds like someone talking with you.
A more modern type of poetry.

32. BLANK VERSE POETRY
Written in lines of iambic pentameter, but does NOT use end rhyme.
from Julius Ceasar
Cowards die many times before their deaths;
The valiant never taste of death but once.
Of all the wonders that I yet have heard,
It seems to me most strange that men should fear;
Seeing that death, a necessary end,
Will come when it will come.

33. RHYME
Words sound alike because they share the same ending vowel and consonant sounds.
(A word always rhymes with itself.)
LAMP
STAMP
Share the short “a” vowel sound
Share the combined “mp” consonant sound
Activity: Rhyme group game

34. END RHYME
A word at the end of one line rhymes with a word at the end of another line
Hector the Collector
Collected bits of string.
Collected dolls with broken heads
And rusty bells that would not ring.

35. INTERNAL RHYME
A word inside a line rhymes with another word on the same line.
(How ya livin’ Biggie Smalls?) In mansions and Benzes / Givin’ ends to my friends and it feels stupendous
From “Big Poppa”
by Notorious B.I.G.

36. NEAR RHYME a.k.a imperfect rhyme, close rhyme
The words share EITHER the same vowel or consonant sound BUT NOT BOTH
ROSE
LOSE
Different vowel sounds (long “o” and “oo” sound)
Share the same consonant sound

37. NEAR RHYME “If this be error and upon me proved
I never writ nor no man ever loved”

38. OTHER POETIC DEVICES

39. Hyperbole
Exaggeration often used for emphasis.

40. Litotes
Understatement - basically the opposite of hyperbole. Often it is ironic.
Ex. Calling a slow moving person “Speedy”

41. Allusion
Allusion comes from the verb “allude” which means “to refer to”
An allusion is a reference to something famous.
A tunnel walled and overlaid
With dazzling crystal: we had read
Of rare Aladdin’s wondrous cave,
And to our own his name we gave.
From “Snowbound”
John Greenleaf Whittier