1. Style , Context & Register
MANAR AHMAD AWADA
FATMAH AHMAD ALLAGHESH
ZAINAB ALI RANJEER

2. Contents : Addressee as an influence on style Accommodation theory
Age of addressee
Accommodation theory
speech convergence
Speech divergence
Context, style and class
Formal contexts and Social roles
Colloquial style or the Vernacular
The interaction of social class and Styles
Style in non-western societies
Register
Language , Society & Culture
11/23/2018

3. Addressee as an influence on style
the better you know someone, the more relaxed the speech style you will use to them. People use considerably more standard form to those they don’t know well, and more vernacular forms to their friends.
- In a study in Northern Ireland, for instance, people used more standard English forms with an English stranger visiting their village then they did talking to a fellow villager.
Language , Society & Culture
11/23/2018

4. Age of addressee
people generally talk differently to children and to adult – some adjust their speech style more than other.
even 3 years old have been heard using sing-song “ baby talk” words like doggie
when talking or writing to a 6 years old as opposed to a 30 years old, most people simpler vocabulary and grammatical construction.
Language , Society & Culture
11/23/2018

5. Accommodation theory: speech convergence and speech divergence
when people talk to each other their speech often becomes more similar . this process is called speech accommodation. It tends to happen when the speakers like one another, or where one speaker has a vested interest in pleasing the other or putting them at ease.
Language , Society & Culture
11/23/2018

6. Convergence refers to the process through which an individual shifts his speech patterns in interaction so that they more closely resemble the speech patterns of his interlocutor(s)
Divergence is a linguistic strategy whereby a member of a speech community accentuates the linguistic differences between his or herself and his interlocutor.
- when the Arab nations issued an oil communiqué to the world not in English, but in Arabic, they were making a clear political statement.
Language , Society & Culture
11/23/2018

7. Formal contexts and Social roles
Characteristics of the addressee are a powerful influence on style choice
Example :
If a student in school and his father is a teacher in this school , he then have to address him with Mr. Ahmed than Dad .
This is all because of peoples roles in these formal contexts they have to determine the appropriate speech style .
Language , Society & Culture
11/23/2018

8. Colloquial style or the Vernacular
There are other strategies beside topic manipulate which have been used in order to capture people’s most relaxed speech style .
Taping groups of people than individual .
Choosing a very comfortable or informal setting .
Language , Society & Culture
11/23/2018

9. Example :
An interviewer wanted to interview a group of African American teenagers so he went to met them in the street were they met .
This kind of interviews increase the number of participants and contribute more relaxed speech .
Language , Society & Culture
11/23/2018

10. The interaction of social class and Styles
When we want to shift styles , the obvious way to vary your speech is to imitate the speech of another person .
Example :
in order to sound more casual People models their speech on that of a lower social groups .
In order to sound more formal they use people from a higher social group as their speech model.
So when they shift styles , people often adopt the linguistic feature of a different group .
Language , Society & Culture
11/23/2018

11. STYLE IN NON – WESTERN SOCIETIES
Japanese a special set of grammatical
contrasts politeness and respect for others.
Knowledge of the complexities of stylistic variation in countries like Japan and Korea reflects a person educational level and social status.
Language , Society & Culture
11/23/2018

12. Although the Islamic revolution has increased the use of reciprocal forms of address, ritual courtesy is still very important in Iranian society.
Language , Society & Culture
11/23/2018

13. REGISTER
Registers , when they are distin-gushed from styles, tend to be associated with particular group of people or sometimes specific situations of use and language of with common interests or jobs
Language , Society & Culture
11/23/2018

14. Sports announcer talk
when people describe a sporting event , the language they use is quite clearly distinguish able from language used in other contexts. sport announcers make extensive use of linguistic formulas and routines I will illustrate :each of these features in turn
1- syntactic reduction
2- Syntactic inversion
Language , Society & Culture
11/23/2018