1. Western Political Thought
The Roots of Democracy:
Where did this idea come from?

2. Why does government exist?
To provide order AND protect the people
The basic “Social Contract”
Deal between the People & Government
People exchange some freedom for order and protection provided by the government
What if government fails?
You have right to change it, overthrow it, etc.

4. Democracy: Rule by the people
Citizens
People who have certain rights in a place
Direct Democracy
Citizens VOTE for laws, community decisions
Republic
Citizens elect representatives to decide for them
USA is a republic!

5. Monarchy Monarchs: Kings / Queens / Emperors
Have ALL power
Makes ALL final decisions
Claim DIVINE RIGHT (chosen by God)
Inherit power… family dynasty
Most countries were monarchies into the early 1900s

6. Aristocracy / Oligarchy
Rule by the few
Aristocracy: Rule by the wealthy
“Aristocrat” = $$ + power + education
Wealthiest nobles rule… family connections
Land + resources = power and opportunity
Oligarchy: Rule by the best
Highly educated, talented
Earn right to participate / rule

7. Dictatorship Rule by ONE strong leader or small group
Has ALL power + makes ALL decisions
People OBEY!
Power is seized & held by force
Revolution!
Military & police keep order
POLICE STATE
Freedom & opportunity limited
Elections are fake

8. Socialism: Government Involved
Social Democracy
Citizens vote, usually “coalition” of groups
Government controls / regulates economy
Government helps “cradle to grave”
Communism =
Workers (proletariat) own “means of production”
Single Party (Communist) rule = ALL power
Elections, but only ONE party is allowed
Everybody is “the same” & gets the same, EXCEPT rulers, special contributors, etc.

9. Check for Understanding (C4U)
Why does government exist?
How does the “SOCIAL CONTRACT” work?
What kinds of government usually have ONE person in charge?
What kinds of government do people have a real say?