1. What are the defining characteristics of Kingdom Protista?
Warm-up
What are the defining characteristics of Kingdom Protista?

2. Kingdom
Protista

3. What are protists?
Very diverse group of organisms containing over 200,000 species
Most are unicellular

4. All protists are Eukaryotes.
What does this mean?
Contains nucleus
And membrane bound organelles
Any eukaryote that doesn’t fit as a plant, animal, or fungus is characterized as a Protist.

5. How are protists classified?
According to the way they obtain nutrition:
Autotrophs (plant-like)
Heterotrophs (animal-like)
Decomposers and parasitic heterotrophs (fungus-like)

6. Animal like protists (protozoans) are distinguished from each other by the way they…
MOVE

7. Protozoa Means “first animals” All unicellular
Classified by movement-type

8. Types of movements: Zooflagellates (use flagella)
- Draw a picture under the box in your notes
Giardia lamblia
Notice: 8 flagella and 2 nuclei
Giardiasis is an infection of the small intestine caused by a microscopic organism (protozoa), Giardia lamblia.
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
Giardiasis outbreaks can occur in communities in both developed and developing countries where water supplies become contaminated with raw sewage.
It can be contracted by drinking water from lakes or streams where water-dwelling animals such as beavers and muskrats, or domestic animals such as sheep, have caused contamination. It is also spread by direct person-to-person contact, which has caused outbreaks in institutions such as day care centers.
Travelers are at risk for giardiasis throughout the world. Campers and hikers are at risk if they drink untreated water from streams and lakes.
The symptoms of Giardia, which may begin to appear 1–2 weeks after infection, include diarrhea, excess gas, stomach or abdominal cramps, upset stomach, and nausea. Resulting dehydration and nutritional loss may need immediate treatment. The typical infection within an individual can be slight, resolves without treatment, and lasts between 2–6 weeks. Medication containing tinidazole or metronidazole decrease symptoms and time to resolution.

9. 2. Sarcodine (Use pseudopods -extension of cytoplasm)
Types of movements:
2. Sarcodine (Use pseudopods -extension of cytoplasm)
- Draw a picture under the box in your notes

10. Types of movements: 3. Ciliates (use cilia)
- Draw a picture under the box in your notes

11. 4. Sporozoans- Do not move on their own
Animallike Protists:
4. Sporozoans- Do not move on their own
Parasitic to animals
Ex. Malaria is caused by the sporozoan Plasmodium.
Need sporozoan video

12. Practice!
Turn to your neighbor and quiz one another on the four categories of animallike protists and how they move.

13. Locomotion is generally a characteristic of animals
Locomotion is generally a characteristic of animals. However, some chlorophyll-containing protists move about by means of flagella. How does this adaptation allow these photosynthetic organisms to have a higher fitness for some environments?

14. Protists that contain chlorophyll and other pigments to do photosynthesis are grouped into a category called:
PLANTLIKE
Commonly called…
ALGAE

15. Multicellular Algae Include seaweeds and kelp
used in foods such as sushi, ice cream, salad dressing, candy, etc.

16. Red Algae Characteristics: contain green and red pigments
Role/Function:
Deeper sea, great at harvesting light
Help form coral reefs
Some used in foods and to make agar

18. Brown algae Characteristics: contain green and brown pigments
Role/Function:
Form large habitats in aquatic ecosystems
Used some in food

19. Green algae Characteristics: Green pigments
Volvox- colonial
Green algae
Characteristics:
Green pigments
Role/Function: some form symbiotic relationships with other organisms
Ulva- multicellular
Spirogyra- multicellular

20. Lets identify some multicellular algae!
Talk among your groups quickly with each picture to decide the types you see and why.

24. Euglenophytes Chrysophytes Diatoms Dinoflagellates
Unicellular plantlike protists are:
Euglenophytes
Chrysophytes
Diatoms
Dinoflagellates

25. EUGLENOPHYTES
Plantlike protist that have two flagella, no cell wall and contain chloroplasts

26. What do you think is its purpose?
EUGLENOPHYTES
Do you see the eyespot?
What do you think is its purpose?

27. CHRYSOPHYTES
GOLDEN ALGAE

28. DIATOMS
Among the most abundant and beautiful organisms. Cell walls made of silica.

29. DINOFLAGELLATES
Half their life is photosynthetic; the other half is heterotrophic
Causes the RED TIDE

32. FUNGUS-LIKE
Heterotrophs that absorb nutrients from dead or decaying organic matter
they secrete digestive enzymes and then suck up the nutrients

33. Fungus-like protist include:
Slime molds- grown on the forest floor
How do these slime molds get nutrients?

34. 2. Water molds Thrive on dead
or decaying organic matter in water (ever seen dead fuzzy fish?)
Plant parasites on land

35. How would you classify this protist?
This protist uses its flagella for movement, but is able to produce its own food. It does this because it contains green-colored chloroplasts which is uses to carry out photosynthesis.

36. Ticket Out the Door
What characteristics do these organisms have that place them in the Kingdom Protista?