1. Lesions of the Avian Pancreas
Robert E. Schmidt, DVM, PhD, DACVP, Drury R. Reavill, DVM, DABVP (Avian Practice), DACVP 
Veterinary Clinics: Exotic Animal Practice 
Volume 17, Issue 1, Pages 1-11 (January 2014)
DOI: /j.cvex
Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
Pancreatic atrophy. There is almost complete loss of zymogen and acinar cells are small with clear cytoplasm (H&E, 70×).
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3. Fig. 2
Severe vacuolar degeneration of pancreatic exocrine cells attributed to zinc toxicity (H&E, 28×).
Veterinary Clinics: Exotic Animal Practice  , 1-11DOI: ( /j.cvex )
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4. Fig. 3 Acute pancreatic necrosis in a Quaker parakeet.
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5. Fig. 4
Microscopic appearance of acute pancreatic necrosis. There is severe coagulative necrosis of the pancreas (left) adjacent to the small intestine (H&E, 70×).
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6. Fig. 5
Severe chronic pancreatic fibrosis. Remaining acinar are small and separated by fibrous connective tissue (H&E, 70×).
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7. Fig. 6
Chronic lymphocytic pancreatitis associated with paramyxovirus-3 infection.
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8. Fig. 7
Herpesvirus-induced pancreatic necrosis and characteristic intranuclear inclusion bodies (arrows) (H&E, 280×).
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9. Fig. 8
Poxvirus infection of the pancreas resulting in swollen acinar cells containing eosinophilic inclusion bodies (H&E, 70×).
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10. Fig. 9
Pancreatic fluke infestation in a king parrot. Note atrophy and generalized roughening of the pancreas.
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11. Fig. 10
Pancreatic carcinoma infiltrating into the wall of the small intestine.
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12. Fig. 11
Pancreatic carcinoma. Note irregular, poorly defined acinar structures comprised of poorly differentiated epithelial cells.
Veterinary Clinics: Exotic Animal Practice  , 1-11DOI: ( /j.cvex )
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13. Fig. 12
Severe vacuolation of islets of Langerhans in a cockatiel with clinical diabetes mellitus (H&E, 70×).
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14. Fig. 13
Foci of hyperplasia of islets of Langerhans in an African Gray parrot (arrows) (H&E, 70×).
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15. Fig. 14
Immunohistochemical stain for glucagon. Cells positive are brown, indicating primarily A cells undergoing the hyperplastic change (Immunoperoxidase stain for Glucagon, 70×).
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16. Fig. 15
Carcinoma of the islets of Langerhans. Note formation of infiltrative nests of poorly differentiated islet cells through the capsule and into surrounding pancreatic parenchyma (H&E, 70×).
Veterinary Clinics: Exotic Animal Practice  , 1-11DOI: ( /j.cvex )
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