1. Key Concept 5.3 Nationalism, Revolution, & Reform

2. The Enlightenment
Enlightenment philosophers, such as Voltaire, Rousseau, Locke, Montesquieu, applied new ways of understanding the natural world to human relationships, religion, and politics

3. Influence of the Enlightenment
Enlightenment thinkers influenced resistance to existing political authority
Required examples of revolutionary documents:
American Declaration of Independence
French Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen
Simon Bolivar’s Jamaica Letter
Enlightenment ideas also challenged existing notions of social relations such as
Expanded suffrage (rise of democracy)
Reform Bill of 1832
Abolition of slavery
End of serfdom

4. Rise of Nationalism Nationalism brought nations together
Germany
Otto von Bismarck
Italy
Nationalism tore empires apart
Ottomans & Greek independence
Nationalism goes global
Indian National Congress
Chinese Nationalist Party
Gandhi is a major nationalist leader next unit!

5. Rising Discontent with Imperial Rule
Subjects challenged imperial governments
Potential examples:
China: White Lotus Rebellion (failed)
Russia: Pugachev Rebellion (failed)
See Eurasian Empires PPT from Unit
Required examples of successful rebellions:
American Revolution
French Revolution
Haitian Revolution
Latin American independence movements

6. Questioning imperial authority + nationalism = anticolonial movements
Potential examples of anticolonial movements include:
Sepoy Rebellion 1757
Boxer Rebellion 1900 (pictured above)

7. Rebellions with Religious Influence
Potential examples of rebellions influenced by religious ideas and millenarianism include:
Taiping Rebellion (pictured above)
Mahdi in Egypt, Sioux Indian Ghost Dance movement, etc.

8. Frequent rebellions led to reforms in imperial policies
Potential examples of reform movements include:
Tanzimat Reforms in Ottoman Empire (pictured above)
Self-Strengthening Movement in China

9. Rise of new transnational ideologies
Discontent with monarchist and imperial rule encouraged the development of political ideologies including liberalism, socialism, and communism

10. Rise of feminism & women’s suffrage
Potential examples of demands for women’s suffrage and the rise of feminism:
Mary Wollstonecraft’s A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
Seneca Falls Conference of (8th grade U.S. history)