1. Terms to know Binary Valence electrons Ion Cation Anion Polyatomic ion
Ionization
Terms to know

2. Ionic bonds form Ionic compounds
Electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
Forms when EN values are 1.8 units difference or more
“Formula units” NOT molecular formula
Ionic lattice
Coordination numbers (# of ions surrounding a given ion)
Lattice energy

3. Properties due to the lattice
High melting/boiling point (generally increases with charge of ions)
Low volatility (low tendency to vaporize)
Soluble in polar solvents
Solvents used other than water, the term is “solvated”
Conductivity in molten/aqueous
Brittle at 2:25
hydrated

4. Bonding Continuum

5. Covalent bond – NOW they’re molecules…
Sharing electrons to achieve stable octet
First 5 Minutes
Bond length & bond strength (enthalpy)

6. Polarity of Covalent Bonds
Unsymmetrical electron distribution = polar
Dipole = bond with two opposite electric charges

7. Pure Covalent Bond
NOT C-H bonds