1. Aseptic Technique

2. Terminology Microbe Exogenous Endogenous Pathogen Infection Resistance
Sepsis
Asepsis
Sterile

3. Terminology Surgical Asepsis Medical Asepsis Disinfectant –cidal
Microcidal
Virocidal
Germocidal
–static
Virostatic
Germostatic

4. Methods of Sterilization
Filtration
Radiation
Cold Sterilization
Thermal energy
Dry heat
Moist heat
Flash Sterilization

5. Sterilization indicators
Tape
Chemical sterilization indicators

6. Gas Sterilization
Ethylene Oxide is a colorless gas that is flammable, explosive, and toxic. This gas penetrates paper and plastic film to kill microbes.
Sterilizer Indicator

7. Storage Item Closed Cabinet Open Cabinet Single wrapped items 1 week
2 days
Double wrapped items
7 weeks
3 weeks
Paper/plastic pouches
1 year

8. Common Antiseptic and Disinfectant Agents
Examples
Common Uses
Spectrum of Activity
Povidone-Iodine
Betadine, Iodine
Preoperative Scrubs, wounds
Bacteria, virus, fungi, protozoa, yeast
Chlorhexidine
Nolvasan , Surgical Scrub, Hibiclens
Bacteria, virus, fungi, yeast
Alcohol
Preoperative Scrubs, disinfectant, do not use on open wounds
Bacteria, some fungi
Phenols
Hexachlorophene
Lysol
Preoperative hand scrub
Inanimate objects
Bacteria
Quarternary Ammonium
Rocal
Used on inanimate objects
Chloride
Bleach
Disinfectantf
Bacteria, virus
Aldehyde
Formaldehyde
Glutaraldehyde
Tissue specimen
Antimicrobial

9. Patient Preparation
Shave the area using a #40 blade and remove the shaved hair by hand or vacuum.
Surgical Scrub
Start in the center of the incision area and in a circular motion working from the inside out, scrub with iodine or chlorahexadine. Then with the same technique, scrub with alcohol. Repeat this rotation 3 times. Never go back into the center of the incision area from the outside.
Some clinics will spray iodine over the incision area after the surgical scrub prior to making the incision.

10. Sterile Fields/Sterile Packs
Patient
Personnel  
Opening a sterile Pack

11. Surgical Instruments General parts of instruments: Scapel blades
boxlock – hinge
ratchet mechanism
Jaws
finger rings
Scapel blades

12. Surgical Instruments Non-operating scissors Needle Holders Scisssors
Mayo-Hegar
Olsen-Hegar
Mathieu
Scisssors
Operating scissors
Mayo
Metzenbaum
General surgical scissors
Non-operating scissors
Bandage scissors
Suture removal scissors
Surgical wire cutting scissors

13. Surgical Instruments Thumb Forceps Brown-Adson
Rat-Tooth tissue forceps 
Adson-Hudson  
Standard thumb forceps

14. Surgical Instruments Tissue Forceps Mosquito Crile Kelly forceps
Kelly forceps
Rochester-Pean forceps
Rochester-Carmalt 
Allis tissue forceps

15. Surgical Instruments Towel Forceps Retractors Hand-held retractors
Backhaus towel clamps
Jones towel clamps
Retractors
Hand-held retractors
Army-Navy retractor
Senn retractor
Spay hook

16. Surgical Instruments Retractors Self-retaining retractors Gelpi
Weitlaner

17. Suture Material Terminology Suture Ligature Approximation
Tensile strength 
Multifilament suture 
Monofilament suture

18. Suture Uses of suture material Suture Size
Opposing the edges of a wound or incision
Eliminate dead space
Tightening and stabilizing joints that have sustained ligament injury
Strengthening or replacing weakened tissue
Ligating blood vessels or tissues
Suture Size
Smallest Largest
10-0, 4-0, 3-0, 2-0, 1-0, 0. 1, 2, 3, 4

19. Suture Absorbable suture Nonabsorbable Surgical Gut
Vicryl (Polygalactin): synthetic polyester
PDS (Polydioxanone)
Nonabsorbable
Silk
Nylon
Polypropylene
Stainless steel

20. Suture Suture Reaction Infection/abscess Inflammation Redness
Lump over the incision site
Tissues pull apart from the suture

21. Suture Needles Types of needles Swagged on needle Taper Point Cutting
Reverse cutting