1. SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS
The basic instruments that every beginner surgeon and nurse should know are placed in four categories. 1-Cutting and Dissecting 2-Clamping and Occluding 3-Grasping and Holding 4-Retracting and Exposing

2. 1. Cutting and Dissecting instruments
handle with 15 blade (deep knife) - Used to cut deep, delicate tissue.
handle with 10 blade (inside knife) - Used to cut superficial tissue.
handle with 20 blade (skin knife) - Used to cut skin.

3. Type of scissors
All types of scissors can have blunt or sharp blades (A: Sharp, B: Blunt)
Sharp scissor
Used to cut and dissect tissue
Both blade tips are sharp
All types can have either straight or curved blades

4. Straight Mayo scissors
Used to cut suture and supplies. Also known as: Suture scissors.

5. Curved Mayo scissors
Used to cut heavy tissue ( muscle, uterus, breast).
Available in regular and long sizes.

6. Metzenbaum scissors Used to cut delicate tissue.
Available in regular and long sizes.

7. hollow organs for homeostasis or to prevent spillage of contents.
2. Clamping and Occluding Instruments
Clamping and occluding instruments are used to compress blood vessels or
hollow organs for homeostasis or to prevent spillage of contents.

8. A hemostat
is used to clamp blood vessels or tag sutures. Its jaws may be straight or curved. Other names: crile, snap or stat

9. A mosquito is used to clamp small blood vessels.
Its jaws may be straight or curved.

10. A Kelly
is used to clamp larger vessels and tissue. Available in short and long sizes. Other names: Rochester Pean

11. A burlisher
is used to clamp deep blood vessels. Burlishers have two closed finger
rings. Burlishers with an open finger ring are called tonsil hemostats.
Other names: Schnidt tonsil forcep, Adson forcep

12. A right angle
A right angle is used to clamp hard-to-reach vessels and to place sutures behind or around a vessel. A right angle with a suture attached is called a "tie on a passer." Other names: Mixter

13. 3. Grasping and Holding instruments
Grasping and holding instruments are used to hold tissue ,drapes or sponges.

14. An Allis
An Allis is used to grasp tissue. Available in short and long sizes. A "Judd-Allis" holds intestinal tissue; a "heavy allis" holds breast tissue

15. A Babcock
is used to grasp delicate tissue (intestine, fallopian tube, ovary).
Available in short and long size

16. A Kocher is used to grasp heavy tissue. May also be used as a clamp.
The jaws may be straight or curved.
Other names: Ochsner.

17. A Foerster sponge stick
A Forester sponge stick is used to grasp sponges.
Other names: sponge forceps

18. A Backhaus towel clip A Backhaus towel clip is used to hold towels and
drapes in place. Other name: towel clip

19. Adson pick ups
Adson pick ups are either smooth: used to grasp delicate tissue; or with teeth: used to
grasp the skin. Other names: Dura forceps

20. DeBakey forceps Thumb forceps
DeBakey forceps are used to grasp delicate tissue, particularly in cardiovascular surgery
Thumb forceps
are used to grasp tough tissue fascia, breast. Forceps may either have many teeth or a single tooth. Single tooth forceps are also called "rat tooth forceps

21. 1x2 Toothed Tissue Forceps
Used for grasping and holding tissue, muscle or skin surrounding a wound
Single toothed on one side; fits between two teeth on the other side
Available as 1x2 or 2x3 or 3x4

22. Walter Splinter Forceps
Very fine tip
Spear-head design

23. Splinter Forceps
Fine tip for foreign object retrieval

24. Plain Thumb Forceps Used to hold tissue in place when applying sutures
Used to gently move tissues out of the way during exploratory surgery
Used to insert packing into or remove objects from deep cavities

25. Mayo-Hegar needle holders
Mayo-Hegar needle holders are used to hold needles when suturing. They may also be placed in the sewing category
short, medium & long
EX: Needle holder with suture

26. 4.Retracting and Exposing
Retracting and exposing instruments are used to hold back or retract organs or tissue to gain exposure to the operative site. They are either "self-retaining" stay open on their own or "manual" held by hand. When identifying retractors, look at the blade, not the handle

27. Army-Navy Retractor
Used in narrow incisions with ½” to 1½” of depth (appendectomy, breast biopsy). It is made to retract the edges of the wound and provide optimal visibility for the surgeon. They are used in pairs to provide traction and counter traction. They are held in place during the procedure by the tech or surgical assistant.

28. Deaver Retractor
Common retractor used in major abdominal procedures. Comes in several different widths. May also be used during vaginal procedures.

29. Green Retractor
Used to retract skin and fatty layers of the abdomen or similar surfaces.

30. Parker Retractor
Small narrow retractor used to hold apart the skin and abdominal tissues of small incisions. It is often used in pediatric procedures.

31. Rake Retractors
Used to retract the skin. Could be used in Mastectomy, or orthopedic procedures. They come with two or up to six teeth which could be sharp or blunt.

32. Vein Retractor
This retractor is used to retract veins or similar small quantities of tissue.

33. Vaginal Speculum Used during gynecological exam or procedure
Dilates the opening of the vaginal cavity, allowing for inspection of the vagina and cervix
Facilitates access for observation and treatment

34. Nasal Speculum
Used to spread nostrils during examination.

35. Ear Currette Can have sharp or blunt scraper ends
Used to remove ear wax from ear canal

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