1. Chapter 12
Implementing Business/IT Solutions

2. Learning Objectives
Use the systems development process outlined in this chapter and the model of IS components from Chapter 1 as problem–solving frameworks to help you propose information systems solutions to simple business problems.
Describe and give examples to illustrate how you might use each of the steps of the information systems development life cycle to develop and implement a buiness information system.

3. Learning Objectives
Explain how prototyping can be used as an effective technique to improve the process of systems development for end users and IS specialists.
Understand the basics of project management and its importance to a successful systems development effort.
Identify the activities involved in the implementation of new information systems.

4. Learning Objectives
Compare and Contrast the four basic information system conversion strategies.
Describe several evaluation factors that should be considered in evaluating the acquisition of hardware, software, and IS services.

5. Section 1 Developing Business Systems

6. II. The Systems Approach
Uses a systems orientation to defining and solving problems and opportunities
Problem Solving – there are specific steps in solving any problem
Recognize/Define a Problem or Opportunity – recognize it exists
Develop and Evaluate Alternative System Solutions – what are the different ways to solve this problem?
Select the Best System Solution – decide which alternative is best
Design the Selected System Solution – design the system for the chosen solution
Implement and Evaluate the Success of the Designed System – put the solution into effect and monitor results for the outcome

7. IV. Starting the Systems Development Process
Life Cycle

8. V. Systems Analysis
A detailed study of the current system and organizational needs
Organizational Analysis – you must have a thorough understanding of the organization to make the system work well
Analysis of the Present System – “those who fail to study history are doomed to repeat it”, a complete understanding of the current system is critical
Logical Analysis – create logical models the current system, WHAT the system does without regard to HOW
Functional Requirements Analysis and Determination – what Information is required for each business activity and what Processing is required in the system

9. VI. Systems Design
Create a new system to solve the problem/opportunity
Prototyping – create working models of the proposed system
The Prototyping Process – prototypes are developed quickly for trial by users to obtain user feedback
User Interface Design – critical because the interface is the part of the systems closest to the user
System Specifications – listing of elements that formalize the design

10. The Prototyping Process
VI. Systems Design
The Prototyping Process

11. VII. Technical Note: Overview of Object- Oriented Analysis and Design
Objects – anything a programmer wants to manage or manipulate
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
Inheritance – ability to inherit properties of a higher-order object
Modularity – a series of interlinked yet stand-alone modules
Polymorphism – different behavior based on conditions
Encapsulation – concealing all the properties inside the object
Object-Oriented Analysis (OOA) – modeling the problem domain as an object-oriented system
Object-Oriented Design (OOD) – create solutions using objects

12. Section 2 Implementing Strategic Business Systems

13. III. Project Management
What Is a Project? – a set of activities with a beginning and an end, has goals and tasks, may have constraints (limitations)
The Process of Project Management – five phases:
Initiation and Defining – state the problem and identify objectives and resources, explore costs/benefits
Planning – identify and sequence objectives/activities
Executing – put plans into motion
Controlling – ensure project objectives and deadlines are met
Closing – install deliverables, release resources, end the project

14. V. Other Implementation Activities
Testing – testing and debugging are important, does the system work as it should?
Data Conversion – new implementations often require replacing software and databases
Documentation – an important means of communication, often overlooked
Training – training users is vital, usually under-budgeted, and expensive

15. V. Other Implementation Activities
Postimplementation Activities – Use and Maintenance – the longest and most costly phase of a system’s life; correct errors, improve performance, adapt to changes in the business environment
Systems Maintenance – making changes to the system
Corrective – fix errors
Adaptive – adding new functionality
Perfective – improve performance
Preventative – reduce chances of future system failure
Postimplementation Review – ensure the new system meets established business objectives