1. Techniques for Analyzing DNA
BMI: Forensic Science

2. Karyotyping
test to identify and evaluate the size, shape, and number of chromosomes in a sample of body cells. Extra or missing chromosomes, or abnormal positions of chromosome pieces, can cause problems with a person's growth, development, and body functions.

3. Polymerase Chain Reaction
technique used in molecular biology to amplify a single copy or a few copies of a segment of DNA across several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence.

4. Gel Electrophoresis
laboratory method used to separate mixtures of DNA, RNA, or proteins according to molecular size. In gel electrophoresis, the molecules to be separated are pushed by an electrical field through a gel that contains small pores.

5. Microarrays
a grid of DNA segments of known sequence that is used to test and map DNA fragments, antibodies, or proteins.