1. ANCIENT
ROME

2. Periods of
Roman
History

3. Dates to Remember 753 BC 753-509 BC 509 – 27 BC 27 BC – 476 AD 476 AD
Traditional date of founding of Rome BC
Period of Monarchy (Kings rule)
509 – 27 BC
Period of Republic (Senate rules)
27 BC – 476 AD
Period of Empire (Emperors rule)
476 AD
Traditional date of fall of the Roman Empire

4. Monarchy
Romulus was the first king who built the first Roman settlement around the Palatine hill.
There were 7 kings.
Romans remembered this period of their history negatively.
Rome grew from a small group of huts to encompass 7 hills.

5. REPUBLIC A constitutional government Governed by the Senate
Elections were held yearly to choose government officials
2 consuls were the top officials

6. Empire The Republic was in crisis for many years:
Iulius Caesar was made Dictator for life after years of civil war.
His assassination on March 15th, 44 BC resulted in 17 years of political upheaval and civil war
27 AD – Octavian, Julius Caesar’s adopted son and great-grand nephew, became “Princeps”, Emperor, and became known as Augustus.

7. Augustus Caesar Emperor from 27 BC to his death in 14 AD
Restored peace and order to Rome
The long period (100 to 200 years, depending on the sources) of relative peace and minimal expansion of the Roman empire began during the rule of Augustus and was called “Pax Romana,” the Roman peace.

8. Roman
Architecture

9. Model of Rome

10. Temple of “Fortuna Virilis”

11. Characteristics CONCRETE:
created a revolution in architectural design.
create larger, heavier buildings. * example: The Sanctuary of Fortuna Palestrina.

12. Sanctuary of Fortuna Palestrina

13. Model of Roman Forum

15. Forum Romanum
Located between the Palatine and Capitoline hills in Rome
Important buildings include:
Temple of Vesta, where Vestal Virgins kept the sacred fire burning
Multiple other temples
Basilica Iulia & Basilica Aemelia: public buildings used for meetings
Rostra, from where politicians made their speeches
Curia, the Senate house
Many more public buildings and shops

16. Temple of Vesta: where the Vestal Virgins kept the sacred fire burning.

17. Rostra: where speakers addressed the crowd.

18. Curia – Senate House

19. Model of Trajan’s Forum
Spaces for offices and shops.

20. Characteristics ARCH & VAULT: Colosseum (Amphitheaters)
Race Track – Circus Maximus
Public Baths

21. Triumphal Arch of Titus

22. Arch of Constantine

23. Early Roman Amphitheater
Seats about 20,000

24. Roman Theater

25. Theater of Marcellus

26. Roman Colosseum

27. Roman Colosseum
In this large
amphitheatre,
GLADIATORS
would fight each
other or wild
animals such as
lions or bears.
When a gladiator
lost a fight the
audience would
decide whether
he should die or
live.
The audience would put their thumbs out if they wanted them to die.
If they wanted them to live they kept their thumbs in their hands so they couldn't be seen.

28. Interior of the Colosseum
Arena is Latin for the sand, coating the floor that soaks up the blood of the combatants.

30. Circus Maximus
300,000 seat capacity!

32. Roman Bath in England
Going to the baths, “thermae,” was a daily activity for most Romans. Somewhat like a spa or a gym, people would go to the baths to relax, get a massage, exercise, socialize, as well as cleanse themselves.

33. The DOME
DOME:
Basilicas - Large and relatively open space examples: ► Pantheon ► early Christian churches

34. Cylindrical Dome
With the dome, the Romans could surpass earlier cultures by their ability to span space.
Light enters through the oculus on top.

35. The Pantheon Plans

36. The Pantheon

38. Pantheon’s Dome

39. The Pantheon Interior

40. Painting by Giovanni Paolo Pannini (18c)
The Pantheon Interior
Painting by Giovanni Paolo Pannini (18c)

41. The Eruption of
Mt Vesuvius

42. Pompeii and Herculaneum
Destroyed and hidden in 79 AD by the eruption of Mt. Vesuvius, Pompeii and Herculaneum were also preserved for modern people by this tragedy.
Pompeii Video