1. Warm Up – April 9 Answer the following questions on a post it:
1. Describe the Renaissance Movement
2. Describe the significance of the Protestant Reformation
3. How could these two movements combined with the Scientific Revolution help influence the development revolutions against government in Europe?

2. Document Based Question (DBQ)
First Paragraph – Thesis and Context
Next Three Paragraphs – Grouping Paragraphs
You need to RELATE EACH DOCUMENT BACK TO THE QUESTION BEING ASKED
Conclusion – Pick one of the three reasons – support with additional evidence

3. DBQ: What caused the Protestant Reformation?
Document 1– Source: Pope Gregory XI: The Condemnation of Wycliffe (1382), Gregory XI condemning John Wycliffe for questioning the Catholic Church. Wycliffe, an English theologian and reformer, was a precursor of the Protestant Reformation
DESCRIBE THE DOCUMENT
“Document 1 shows Pope Gregory XI condemning John Wycliffe for questioning the Catholic Church.”
ARE YOU GIVEN CREDIT FOR DESCRIBING DOCUMENT 1? NO

4. DBQ: What caused the Protestant Reformation?
Document 1– Source: Pope Gregory XI: The Condemnation of Wycliffe (1382), Gregory XI condemning John Wycliffe for questioning the Catholic Church. Wycliffe, an English theologian and reformer, was a precursor of the Protestant Reformation
SUPPORT THE DOCUMENT
“Document 1 illustrates how people such as John Wycliffe felt that the Catholic Church was too focused on wealth and power and not focused on teaching about God and the Bible.”
ARE YOU GIVEN CREDIT FOR DESCRIBING DOCUMENT 1? YES

5. DBQ: What caused the Protestant Reformation?
Document 1– Source: Pope Gregory XI: The Condemnation of Wycliffe (1382), Gregory XI condemning John Wycliffe for questioning the Catholic Church. Wycliffe, an English theologian and reformer, was a precursor of the Protestant Reformation
SUPPORT THE DOCUMENT (RELATE BACK TO THE QUESTION)
“Followers of the Catholic Church saw that the Church was focused on its own wealth with the selling of indulgences and church positions. The Reformation began as a way to fix these problems.”
ARE YOU GIVEN CREDIT FOR EXPLAINING DOCUMENT 1? YES

6. DBQ: What caused the Protestant Reformation?
Document 1– Source: Pope Gregory XI: The Condemnation of Wycliffe (1382), Gregory XI condemning John Wycliffe for questioning the Catholic Church. Wycliffe, an English theologian and reformer, was a precursor of the Protestant Reformation
EXPLAIN THE DOCUMENT (POV or PURPOSE)
“The POV of this document is from a Catholic priest which shows bias towards the Church since he is a member of it.”
Do you get credit for POV? No
“The POV of this document is from a Catholic priest attempting to defend the Church against any attacks. He is attempting to save the Church from losing followers”

7. DBQ: What caused the Protestant Reformation?
DESCRIBE: “Document 1 illustrates how people such as John Wycliffe felt that the Catholic Church was too focused on wealth and power and not focused on teaching about God and the Bible.”
SUPPORT: “Followers of the Catholic Church saw that the Church was focused on its own wealth with the selling of indulgences and church positions. The Reformation began as a way to fix these problems.”
EXPLAIN: “The POV of this document is from a Catholic priest attempting to defend the Church against any attacks. He is attempting to save the Church from losing followers”

8. DBQ: What caused the Protestant Reformation?
ON A SHEET OF PAPER –
DESCRIBE THE FOLLOWING DOCUMENT
SUPPORT THE FOLLOWING DOCUMENT (RELATE BACK TO THE QUESTION)
EXPLAIN THE FOLLOWING DOCUMENT (POV or PURPOSE)
Document 3
Source: Selections from Martin Luther’s 95 Theses, 31 October 1517
21. Thus those preachers of indulgences are in error who say that by the indulgences of
the Pope a man is freed and saved from all punishments.
24. Hence, the greater part of the people must needs be deceived by this indiscriminate
and high-sounding promise of release from penalties.
43. Christians should be taught that he who gives to a poor man, or lends to a needy
man, does better than if he bought pardons. …

9. DBQ: What caused the Protestant Reformation?
DESCRIBE: Document 3 shows Martin Luther’s criticisms against the Church’s selling of indulgences.
SUPPORT: Followers of the Catholic Church were not happy that the Church sold these indulgences as it showed the Church was not focused on following its own doctrine and teaching about God’s forgiveness. The Reformation sought to change the Church so it would focus less on wealth and indulgences and more on God and the Bible.
EXPLAIN: The purpose of Martin Luther in writing this document is to let the Church and its followers know that the Church needs to change and be more focused on God.

10. Long Essay Question
Evaluate the extent to which the Crusades represented a turning point in Europe during the Middle Ages (historical skill: Causation)
1st Paragraph - Introduction
Thesis – respond directly to the question – include two examples that you will discuss
This is causation so one example should be a cause and one should be an effect
Contextualization (3 sentences) – What Were the Crusades? Who fought in them? Why were they fighting? What was happening before the Crusades, what happened as a result.
2nd Paragraph – Go into detail –use examples to support your first example
3rd Paragraph – go into detail – use examples to support your second example
4th Paragraph - Conclusion – Synthesis – connect the cause or effect of the Crusades to a similar event in history

11. PERIOD 5: 1750 - 1900 The Enlightenment Absolutism in France
French Revolution and Napoleon Bonaparte
Revolutions influences by the American and French Revolutions:
The Haitian Revolution
Spanish – American Revolutions (Latin American Revolutions)
Industrial Revolution – Begins in England
Revolution and Industrialization in Russia
Ottoman Empire During the 19th Century
Japan During the 19th Century
European Imperialism in India and Africa (Reading – needs to be done by Test day)
TEST: Wednesday and Thursday– April 18 and 19
FULL AP EXAM PRACTICE TEST

12. PERIOD 5: 1750-1900 (Industrialization and Global Integration)
The Path to Revolution –
The Enlightenment and Absolutism

13. Science and Enlightenment
Long-term outcome of scientific development = “enlightenment”
Enlightenment principles:
Human reason could be used to discover ways in which humankind could govern itself more effectively
Belief in the power of knowledge to transform human society

14. Science and Enlightenment
Ideas shared by Enlightenment thinkers:
Commitment to open-mindedness & inquiry
Critical nature
Hostility toward established religious and political authority (though in various degrees)

15. Science and the Enlightenment
Central theme of the Enlightenment = the idea of progress
Human society = not fixed by tradition or divine command
Can be changed and improved by human action guided by reason

16. Spreading Enlightenment Ideas
Philosophes = thinkers of the Enlightenment who spread these ideas
Paris = active center of ideas
Salons = gatherings in the homes of wealthy patrons --> middle class writers, thinkers, and artists mingled with the nobility

17. Impact on Politics Thomas Hobbes vs. John Locke
In England at the time = struggle between those who wanted an absolute monarchy & those that wanted to govern themselves
vs.

18. Thomas Hobbes Absolute monarchy = best form of government
Violence & disorder = natural to human beings
Leviathan = book he wrote about a state in which people lived without government & it was brutal
People don’t have the right to rebel against the government or ruler

19. John Locke People are naturally reasonable and moral
People have natural rights = rights granted at birth  life, liberty, and property

20. John Locke Two Treatises on Government = essays he wrote that said:
1. People created the government to protect these natural rights
2. Government is responsible to the people
3. If the government doesn’t do it’s job, the people have the right to overthrow it
Influenced Thomas Jefferson when he wrote the Declaration of Independence

21. Impact on the Arts
Classicism in arts gave way to romanticism = celebrated emotion and the individual
Broke free of restraints
Famous Romantic composer = Ludwig von Beethoven

22. Impact on Religion: Deism
Voltaire, along with many other Enlightenment thinkers practiced deism
Belief in an abstract and remote Deity
Deity created the world, but doesn’t intervene in history or tamper with natural law
This Deity = like an engineer  made the machine, but is now letting it run on its own

23. Montesquieu Wrote The Spirit of the Laws
Studied various existing governments
Promoted democracy and separation of powers
Power should be equal among the branches; checks and balances
Influenced the U.S. Constitution

24. Voltaire
Wrote Candide = challenged the idea that “all is for the best in the best of all possible worlds”
Mocked the Church and the royal court
Promoted religious freedom, freedom of speech, and freedom of the press

25. Women & the Enlightenment
At this time:
Ideas of equality and freedom didn’t apply to women
Women didn’t participate in public life like men
Women were limited to home and the family
Small groups of women began to speak out
Mary Wollstonecraft = wrote Vindication of the Rights of Women = favored equal education for women and men so both could contribute to society

26. Impact on the Arts
Classical Movement = art going back to ancient Greek and Roman ideals that represented order and reason
Includes art, music, and literature  all reflected simplicity, clarity, and order
Famous classical composers = Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Johann Sebastian Bach

27. Opposition to the Enlightenment
Some saw this ordered view of the universe as overly rational and lacking emotion
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
People should rely more on emotion and instinct and less on book learning
Believed people are naturally good, but civilization and institutions corrupt them

28. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Urged getting rid of civilization and returning to a “state of nature”
The Social Contract = “man is born free, and he is everywhere in chains”
Basis of government = social contract in which people give up their individual rights to the “general will” of the majority
Government BY the people
Influenced democracy

29. Absolutism
Absolutism = placed unlimited power in the monarch and his advisors
European monarchs wanted complete control and total loyalty of their subjects
Ruled by divine right = idea that monarchs receive their power directly from God and are responsible to God alone for their actions

30. France  Louis XIV Most powerful French monarch
Became King at the age of 5
Ruled for 72 years
Motto = “I am the state”
Nickname = the “Sun King” -- because everything revolves around him

31. Built the extravagant Palace of Versailles
France  Louis XIV
Built the extravagant Palace of Versailles

32. France  Louis XIV
Unjust tax system --> poor paid most of the taxes
Nobles, clergy, and government officials didn’t have to pay taxes
Eventually leads to the French Revolution
Religious policy = he saw Huguenots (French Protestants) as a threat
Wanted them to be Catholic
Revoked Edict of Nantes --> they could no longer practice their religion and their kids had to become Catholics
200,000 Huguenots left France

33. TOD – April 9
Answer the following questions on the same post it as the warm up:
What were the two principles of Enlightenment thinking? What is the central them of the Enlightenment?
How did Thomas Hobbes view the role of government? How did this way of thinking differ from that of John Locke?
How can the Enlightenment and Absolutism be considered causes of a revolution?
What actions by Louis XIV would lead to people revolting in France?