1. Essential Learning Outcomes: Chapter 5 and 6
8.2.1: I can explain how Renaissance Europe was the start for our Western Worldview.
8.2.2: I can understand different beliefs, values and viewpoints.
8.2.3: I can explain how beliefs and values shape time, geography and society.

2. Social Studies 8 Chapter 6 “O Brave New World!”
How can exploration and expansion affect the worldview of a society and the societies it comes into contact with?

3. Buzz Words
Imperialism
Indigenous
Ethnocentrism
Point of view
Immunity

4. Buzz Words
Imperialism: The extensions of power over a territory including its resources and people. Indigenous: Someone born into a country; the first inhabitants of an area. Ethnocentrism: The belief that one group is better than others

5. Buzz Words
Point of view: Opinions and preferences held and expressed by an individual Immunity: Resistance to diseases

6. How do you think this lead to IMPERIALISM?
Stop and Think!
In Chapter 5, we discussed reasons why the Europeans began to explore beyond their borders. What were some of those reasons?
How do you think this lead to IMPERIALISM?

7. How Did the Age of Exploration Lead to Imperialism?
Historically, peoples such as the Greek, Roman and Islamic empires have expanded their borders to protect their territories and establish control over more land and resources.
They established governments and other means of control and often spread their religious views to those people that they conquered.

8. During the Age of Discovery (as discussed in Chapter 5), the Europeans began to realize the abundant wealth that could be theirs through colonization of new lands.
Some built so many colonies across the globe that they had empires (like Britain and Spain).

9. The Spanish Empire

11. Imperialism
The desire for wealth and power built naturally toward policies of IMPERIALISM.
The European view was that the colonies and lands they controlled existed to further the interests and increase the wealth of the controlling country.
For example, Spain gained access to many supplies of precious metals when they found and conquered the New World.
The race to control other territories across the globe became very competitive.

12. New Lands?
Colonization has traditionally been recorded by the colonizer; the colonies were referred to as “new lands”, even thought the Indigenous people had been living in these areas for thousands of years, and had highly sophisticated and complex cultures.
Europeans often had little regard for these people or their ways of life.
They considered anyone who did not abide by their guidelines and belief systems to be “savages” or “barbarians”, and considered themselves to be “civilized” superiors.
Example: Spain
Spanish people destroyed books and writings made by Indigenous people when they arrived in the New World.

13. Ethnocentrism: Examples
Aztec and Inca peoples had highly developed cities and societies (some even bigger and greater than in Europe), but were nonetheless considered inferior.

14. Chinese and Indian civilizations, though thousands of years older than European civilizations, were called barbarous.
Traditional methods of government were replaced by European ways of governing, and European culture was imposed on the societies.

15. Colonists took over the land and displaced the Indigenous peoples, who were forced to work for the Europeans or move.
Many colonists used the Indigenous peoples as slave labor. After most of them died, they brought in slaves from Africa. Ancient African civilizations were nearly wiped out through this process.

16. Christians believed that Christianity was the only true religion, and so believed it to be their duty to convert “heathens” or non-believers to the Christian faith.

17. Role of Disease
Indigenous people were killed in large numbers when Europeans arrived in North America.
They had no immunity to the diseases carried by their conquerors.

18. Examining Imperialist Attitudes
Turn to page 133 of your text and read the views of Christopher Columbus and Juan Gines de Sepulveda in the “Exploring Sources” box.
Now turn to page 135 and read Bartolome de Las Casas’ quotation in the “Zoom In” box.
Fill in the following chart to analyze the attitudes of these Europeans.

19. Christopher Columbus
Juan Gines de Sepulveda
Bartolome de Las Casas
This person is a(n)…
What attitudes/point of view does this person express towards/about Indigenous peoples?
Quotes from the text to support that this person possessed these attitudes:
What values might this person have that would influence their attitudes/viewpoints?
How would these views affect economic decision making by the Spanish with regards to the Americas?

20. Juan Gines de Sepulveda Bartolome de Las Casas
Christopher Columbus
Juan Gines de Sepulveda
Bartolome de Las Casas
This person is a(n)…
Spanish Explorer
Spanish Historian
Spanish missionary
What attitudes/point of view does this person express towards/about Indigenous peoples?
Saw them almost as sub-human
Friendly and clever, but in a derogatory way
Thought they would make good servants
Thought they had no religion
Saw them as needing the guidance of “civilized” Europeans
Thought they needed better morals and beliefs
Saw them as generous and eager to please the Spanish
Felt horrible for the awful things his countrymen had done to them
Quotes from the text to support that this person possessed these attitudes:
“…they were very friendly to us…”
“…the people are ingenious and would be good servants…”
“…they appear to have no religion.”
“require…to be placed under the authority of civilized and virtuous princes or nations”
“…so that they may learn, from the might, wisdom and laws of their conquerors, to practice better morals, worthier customs…”
“They presented us with a great quantity of fish and bread and other food…”
“More than three thousand souls were laid out before us…”
“I saw such great cruelties that no man alive either has or shall see the like.”
What values might this person have that would influence their attitudes/viewpoints?
Religion
Learning
Kindness
Economics
Ethnocentrism
Government
European beliefs and customs
Compassion
-value for human life
How would these views affect economic decision making by the Spanish with regards to the Americas?
Might see the Indigenous peoples as a easy target for slavery
Might see economic expansion as a way to improve the conquered nation and its peoples
- Might see economic expansion as a way to improve the conquered nation and its peoples
- Might be motivated to argue on behalf of the Indigenous peoples

21. Juan Gines de Sepulveda Bartolome de Las Casas
Christopher Columbus
Juan Gines de Sepulveda
Bartolome de Las Casas
This person is a(n)…
Spanish Explorer
Spanish Historian
Spanish missionary
What attitudes/point of view does this person express towards/about Indigenous peoples?
Saw them almost as sub-human
Friendly and clever, but in a derogatory way
Thought they would make good servants
Thought they had no religion
Saw them as needing the guidance of “civilized” Europeans
Thought they needed better morals and beliefs
Saw them as generous and eager to please the Spanish
Felt horrible for the awful things his countrymen had done to them
Quotes from the text to support that this person possessed these attitudes:
“…they were very friendly to us…”
“…the people are ingenious and would be good servants…”
“…they appear to have no religion.”
“require…to be placed under the authority of civilized and virtuous princes or nations”
“…so that they may learn, from the might, wisdom and laws of their conquerors, to practice better morals, worthier customs…”
“They presented us with a great quantity of fish and bread and other food…”
“More than three thousand souls were laid out before us…”
“I saw such great cruelties that no man alive either has or shall see the like.”
What values might this person have that would influence their attitudes/viewpoints?
Religion
Learning
Kindness
Economics
Ethnocentrism
Government
European beliefs and customs
Compassion
-value for human life
How would these views affect economic decision making by the Spanish with regards to the Americas?
Might see the Indigenous peoples as a easy target for slavery
Might see economic expansion as a way to improve the conquered nation and its peoples
- Might see economic expansion as a way to improve the conquered nation and its peoples
- Might be motivated to argue on behalf of the Indigenous peoples

22. Juan Gines de Sepulveda Bartolome de Las Casas
Christopher Columbus
Juan Gines de Sepulveda
Bartolome de Las Casas
This person is a(n)…
Spanish Explorer
Spanish Historian
Spanish missionary
What attitudes/point of view does this person express towards/about Indigenous peoples?
Saw them almost as sub-human
Friendly and clever, but in a derogatory way
Thought they would make good servants
Thought they had no religion
Saw them as needing the guidance of “civilized” Europeans
Thought they needed better morals and beliefs
Saw them as generous and eager to please the Spanish
Felt horrible for the awful things his countrymen had done to them
Quotes from the text to support that this person possessed these attitudes:
“…they were very friendly to us…”
“…the people are ingenious and would be good servants…”
“…they appear to have no religion.”
“require…to be placed under the authority of civilized and virtuous princes or nations”
“…so that they may learn, from the might, wisdom and laws of their conquerors, to practice better morals, worthier customs…”
“They presented us with a great quantity of fish and bread and other food…”
“More than three thousand souls were laid out before us…”
“I saw such great cruelties that no man alive either has or shall see the like.”
What values might this person have that would influence their attitudes/viewpoints?
Religion
Learning
Kindness
Economics
Ethnocentrism
Government
European beliefs and customs
Compassion
-value for human life
How would these views affect economic decision making by the Spanish with regards to the Americas?
Might see the Indigenous peoples as a easy target for slavery
Might see economic expansion as a way to improve the conquered nation and its peoples
- Might see economic expansion as a way to improve the conquered nation and its peoples
- Might be motivated to argue on behalf of the Indigenous peoples

23. Do It!
Create a t-chart to show the positive and negative effects of imperialism.
You can use prior knowledge and the textbook to help you (try page 136 if you need help getting started!).
Positive Effects
Negative Effects

24. Reflect and Respond
The United Nations’ Draft Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples states”
“Indigenous peoples have the rights to self-determination. By virtue of the right they freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development.”
How does this statement contrast with European views that imperialism was acceptable?
How does it show that some worldviews have changed from then to now?

25. John Marsden and Shaun Tan
The Rabbits
John Marsden and Shaun Tan

31. Through Political Cartoons…
Imperialism
Through Political Cartoons…